The new politics of the budgetary process
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書誌事項
The new politics of the budgetary process
Longman, c2001
4th ed
- : pbk
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. 349-362) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The fourth edition of The New Politics of the Budgetary Process updates and revises the late Aaron Wildavsky's classic exposition of how federal budget decisions are made and how formal budget institutions and processes are interwoven with political dynamics. The book explains how the federal budget process has evolved and analyzes recent developments in key areas: entitlements, defense, deficit/surplus and reforms. Its critical and stimulating approach, and clear, readable explanations make it essential reading for students of politics and public administration, as well as anyone who seeks to understand a decision-making process that affects the lives of virtually all Americans.
目次
1. Budgeting as Conflicting Promises.
Budgets Are Conflicting Commitments.
Tax Preferences.
Appropriations: The Power of Congress and Power Within Congress.
The President is Both Rival and Partner of Congress.
Conflicting Promises: The Multiple Meanings of Budgetary Control.
2. Budgets as Struggles for Power: The Evolution of Classical Budgeting.
Colonial Origins.
Turning Points: Civil War through World War I.
The Executive Budget Movement.
Dislocation and Continuity: Depression, War, and the Postwar Interlude.
3. The Dance of the Dollars.
Calculations.
Complexity.
Aids to Calculation.
Incremental Budgeting.
Roles and Perspectives.
The Agency.
The Bureau of the Budget.
The Appropriations Committees.
Strategies.
Be a Good Politician.
Clientele.
Confidence.
Congressional Committee Hearings.
Strategies Designed to Capitalize on the Fragmentation of Power in National Politics.
4. The Collapse of Consensus.
The Growth of Entitlements.
Economic Activism.
Priorities.
Impoundment.
The Budget Act: More Checks, More Balances, but Not More Control.
Impoundment Again.
Congressional Budget Office.
Senate Budget Committee and House Budget Committee.
Scheduling.
Resolutions.
Reconciliation.
Complexity.
A Congressional Budget, or Merely More Budgeting?
The Budget Process, 1975-1979: The Struggle to Relate Totals to Detail.
Economic Management.
Did the Budgetary Process Have a Pro-Spending Bias?
On Again, Off Again, Federal Credit.
Polarization: Classical Budgeting Withers Without Quite Disappearing.
5. The Politics of Dissensus.
Why Budget Decisions Became So Difficult.
The End of Economic Management.
Dominance of the Deficit.
Polarization of the Parties.
Evolution of the Congressional Budget Act.
R and R: Resolution and Reconciliation.
Deferral and Rescission Redux.
The Shifting Budgetary Base.
Continuing Omnibus Resolutions.
OMB in an Era of Perennial Budgeting.
Dissensus in Congress.
Role Reversal.
Rolled on the Floor.
Budgeting Penetrates Congress.
Gimmicks.
6. The Politics of Balancing Budgets.
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings.
Why GRH Passed.
How GRH Was Supposed to Work.
Why Didn't GRH Work?
The Origins of the 1990 Budget Enforcement Act.
The Budget Enforcement Act of 1990.
The Parts Versus the Whole.
The Clinton Budget of 1993.
7. The Politics of Radical Reversal.
The Politics of Radical Reversal.
Prologue: Constitutional Amendment and Rescission.
Budgets and Counterbudgets: The President's Budget and the Congressional Resolution.
Balancing Revenues and Expenditures.
Mandatory and Discretionary Spending.
Defense and Domestic Spending.
Domestic Discretionary Spending.
Substance Versus Rhetoric.
Incrementalism in Mirror Image: Appropriations.
Complex Coalitions.
The Survival of Pork.
Balancing Acts.
Economy and Ideology.
Targeting Programs.
Swallowing Whole Departments.
Critical Issues.
Confrontation: Continuing Resolutions and the Debt Limit.
Reconciliation and Intransigence.
Unfinished Business.
8. The Politics of the Entitlement Process.
The "Ought" and "Is" of Entitlements.
Entitlements and Budgeting.
Why Do Entitlements Start?
Why Do Entitlements Grow?
Maintaining Commitment: Social Security.
Demography and Costs: Medicare.
Expanding Eligibility: Medicaid.
Provider Pressures: End Stage Renal Disease.
How Have Entitlements Been Controlled?
Declining Need: Black Lung Disease.
Cutting Provider Payments: Medicare.
Ending an Entitlement: Welfare.
The Corners of the Field.
Appropriations: Head Start and WIC.
Tax Expenditures: Earned Income Credit (EITC).
Formula Grants to States: Adoption Assistance Program, Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, and the Ryan White Care Act.
9. Budgeting for Defense.
Dimensions of Defense.
Mission and Strategy.
The Internal Budget Process.
Planning, Programming, Budgeting.
Acquisitions.
The Congressional Budget Process.
Reprogramming.
Secrecy.
Cuts.
Contingencies.
10. Reform.
Norms of Budgetary Behavior.
Forms of Budgeting.
Reform Without Conflict.
The Politics in Budget Reform.
Unit of Measurement: Cash or Volume.
Time Span: Months, One Year, Many Years.
Calculation: Incremental or Comprehensive.
Management Reforms.
Performance and Budgeting.
Centralization and Decentralization.
Credit Reform.
Financial Management.
Capital Budgeting.
Limits.
The Line-Item Veto.
Overloading Budgeting.
11. Deficits and Surpluses.
Who Done It?
The Deficit Panic.
The Disappearing Deficit.
12. A Budget of Opposites.
The Budget Process.
The President's Budget.
The Congressional Budget Resolution.
Reconciliation.
Authorizations.
Appropriations.
Characteristics of the Budget Process.
The Budgetary Process Is Powerful Yet Impotent.
The Budgetary Process Is Structured Yet Formalistic.
The Budgetary Process Is Complex Yet Segmented.
Budgetary Politics Are Polarized but Moderated.
Glossary.
Guide to Acronyms.
Select Bibliography.
Credits.
Index.
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