Avoidance of radiation injuries from medical interventional procedures
著者
書誌事項
Avoidance of radiation injuries from medical interventional procedures
（ICRP publication, 85）（Annals of the ICRP, v. 30 no. 2）
Published for The Commission by Pergamon, c2000 , Elsevier Science, c2000
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内容説明・目次
内容説明
Interventional radiology (fluoroscopically-guided) techniques are being used by an increasing number of clinicians not adequately trained in radiation safety or radiobiology. Many of these interventionists are not aware of the potential for injury from these procedures or the simple methods for decreasing their incidence. Many patients are not being counselled on the radiation risks, nor followed up when radiation doses from difficult procedures may lead to injury. Some patients are suffering radiation-induced skin injuries and younger patients may face an increased risk of future cancer. Interventionists are having their practice limited or suffering injury, and are exposing their staff to high doses.
In some interventional procedures, skin doses to patients approach those experienced in some cancer radiotherapy fractions. Radiation-induced skin injuries are occurring in patients due to the use of inappropriate equipment and, more often, poor operational technique. Injuries to physicians and staff performing interventional procedures have also been observed. Acute radiation doses (to patients) may cause erythema at 2 Gy, cataract at 2 Gy, permanent epilation at 7 Gy, and delayed skin necrosis at 12 Gy. Protracted (occupational) exposures to the eye may cause cataract at 4 Gy if the dose is received in less than 3 months, at 5.5 Gy if received over a period exceeding 3 months.
目次
Preface. Abstract. 1. Introduction. 1.1. History. 1.2. Safety and interventional techniques. 1.3. Purpose of this document. 1.4. References for Introduction. 2. Case Reports. 2.1. Background. 2.2. Injuries. 2.3. References for Case Reports. 3. Radiopathology of Skin and Eye and Radiation Risk. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Radiopathology - skin. 3.3. Radiopathology - eye. 3.4 References for radiopathology and radiation risk. 4. Controlling Dose. 4.1. Factors that affect dose to patients. 4.2. Factors that affect staff doses. 4.3. Procurement. 4.4. References for controlling dose. 5. Patient's Needs. 5.1. Counselling on radiation risks. 5.2. Records of exposure. 5.3. Follow up. 5.4. Information to personal physician. 5.5. Advice to patient. 5.6. System to identify repeated procedures. 6. Interventionist's Needs. 6.1. Knowledge. 6.2. Training. 6.3. Continuing professional development. 6.4. Audits. 6.5. Development of new procedures. 7. Recommendations. Annex A: Procedures List. Annex B: Patient and Staff Doses. Annex C: Example of Clinical Protocol. Annex D: Dose Quantities. Annex E: Procurement Checklist.
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