Interplanetary dust
著者
書誌事項
Interplanetary dust
（Astronomy and astrophysics library）
Springer, c2001
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注記
Other editors: Bo Å.S. Gustafson, Stan Dermott, Hugo Fechtig
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
An excellent handbook on the physics of interplanetary dust, a topic of interest not only to astronomers and space scientists but also to engineers. The following topics are covered in the book: historical perspectives; cometary dust; near-Earth environment; meteoroids and meteors; properties of interplanetary dust, information from collected samples; in situ measurements of cosmic dust; numerical modeling of the Zodiacal Cloud structure; synthesis of observations; instrumentation; physical processes; optical properties of interplanetary dust; orbital evolution of interplanetary dust; circumplanetary dust, observations and simple physics; interstellar dust and circumstellar dust disks. No doubt, the text will be regarded as the standard reference on interplanetary dust for many years to come.
目次
Color Plates.- Contributors.- Historical Perspectives.- I. Introductory Overview.- II. Early Reports on the Zodiacal Light.- III. Zodiacal Light Observations Until the Beginning of the Space Age.- IV. After the Beginning of the Space Age.- IV.A. Rise and Fall of the Earth's Dust Belt.- IV.B. Zodiacal Light Studied from Near-Earth Space.- V. Microcraters on Lunar Surface Samples and the Lunar Ejecta and Micrometeorite Experiment.- VI. Experiments on Satellites and Space Probes.- VII. Important Results of the Dust Experiments PIA/PUMA and DIDSY on the Missions GIOTTO and VeGa to Comet Halley.- VIII. Outlook.- References.- Optical and Thermal Properties of Interplanetary Dust.- I. Zodiacal Scattered Light.- LA. Historical Survey.- LB. Zodiacal Light Measurements.- I.C. Main Trends in the Data.- I.D. Zodiacal Brightness from 1 AU.- I.E. Zodiacal Polarisation from 1 AU.- II. F-Corona Scattered Light.- II.A. Solar Corona Observations.- II.B. Brightness and Polarisation of the F-Corona.- III. Zodiacal and F -Coronal Thermal Emission.- III.A. Thermal Emission Measurements.- III.B. Zodiacal Thermal Emission from 1 AU.- III.C. Thermal Emission from the F-Corona.- IV. Local Scattering and Thermal Properties.- IV.A. Need for Inversion.- IV.B. Volume Scattering and Emitting Functions.- IV.C. Inversion with Homogeneity Assumption.- IV.D. Local Rigorous Inversion.- IV.E. Local Inversion Through Mathematical Methods.- IV.F Models of the Near Infrared F-Corona.- V. Conclusions and Perspectives.- References.- Cometary Dust.- I. Introduction.- II. Dust Dynamical Properties.- II.A. Ejection and Motion of Dust Grains.- II.B. Dust Features in Cometary Heads.- II.C. Dust Tails and Their Structure.- II.D. Dust in Periodic Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9.- III. Dust Optical and Physical Properties.- lILA. Thermal Emission.- III.B. Silicates.- III.C. Infrared Spectral Features of Hydrocarbons.- III.D. Scattering by Dust.- III.E. Icy Grains.- IV. Dust Chemical and Isotopic Composition.- IV.A. Facts from Ion Spectra.- IV.B. Bulk Composition.- IV.C. Mineralogical Composition.- V. The Future.- References.- Near Earth Environment.- I. Introduction.- II. The Earth as a Target.- II.A. Natural Meteoroids.- II.B. Meteoroid Properties and Dynamics.- II.C. The Sporadic Background.- II.D. The Annual Meteor Showers.- II.E. Atmospheric Effects.- III. Space Debris.- IV. Modelling Tools.- IV.A. The Griin Interplanetary Dust Model at 1 AU.- IV.B. Spacecraft Geometry.- IV.C. The NASA Orbital Debris Environment Model.- IV.D. ESABASE.- IV.E. MASTER.- IV.F. The Divine Interplanetary Dust Model.- V. Measurements.- V.A. Measurement Techniques.- V.B. Results.- VI. Summary.- References.- Discoveries from Observations and Modeling of the 1998/99 Leonids.- I. Introduction.- II. Meteoroid Streams and Meteor Storms.- III. Observing Campaigns.- IV. Meteoroid Morphology and Composition.- V. The Impact Hazard.- VI. Interaction of Meteoroids with the Atmosphere.- VII. Atmospheric Phenomena.- References.- Properties of Interplanetary Dust: Information from Collected Samples.- I. Introduction.- II. Antarctic and Greenland Micrometeorites.- II.A. Mineralogy and Petrography of MMs.- II.B. Major, Minor and Trace Element Chemistry of MMs.- II.C. Isotope Abundances in MMs.- II.D. Rare Gas Abundances in MMs.- II.E. Conclusions from MM Studies.- III. Stratospheric Interplanetary Dust.- III.A. Shape and External Morphology.- III.B. Density.- III.C. Optical and Infrared Properties.- III.D. Classification and Mineralogy.- III.E. Elemental Composition.- III.F. Isotopic Composition.- IV. Origins.- References.- In situ Measurements of Cosmic Dust.- I. Introduction.- II. Characteristics of In-Situ Dust Measurements in Space.- II.A. Dust Missions and Detectors.- II.B. Reliability of Impact Detection and Impact Rate Measurements.- II.C. Small Number Statistics.- II.D. Detection Geometry and Orbit Determination.- III. Measurements at 1 AU.- III.A. Early Meteoroid Flux Measurements in the Earth-Moon System.- III.B. HEOS-2.- III.C. Hiten.- IV. Measurements Within the Zodiacal Cloud.- IV.A. Helios.- IV.B. Pioneers 8 and 9.- IV.C. Galileo.- IV.D. Ulysses.- V. Measurements in the Outer Solar System.- V.A. Pioneers 10 and 11.- V.B. Jupiter Dust Streams.- V.C. Interstellar Dust.- VI. Characteristics of the Interplanetary Dust Complex as Measured by Spacecraft.- VI.A. Gravity and Radiation Pressure Effects.- VI.B. Electromagnetic Effects.- VII. Future Developments.- References.- Synthesis of Observations.- Preamble.- I. Introduction.- LA. Physical Processes.- LB. Properties of Interplanetary Dust.- I.C. Model Assumptions.- II. Early Modeling.- II.A. Cour-Palais (1969).- II.B. Kessler (1970).- II.C. Grun et al. (1985).- II.D. Zook (1991).- ILE. Comparison.- III. Basic Formulation.- III.A. Phase Space Density.- III.B. Orbital Parameter Distributions.- III.C. Concentrations.- IILD. Particle Fluxes.- IILE. Directional Flux and Impact Speed.- IILF. Radiation Pressure Effects and Hyperbolic Orbits.- IV. Meteoroid Data Sets.- IV.A. Meteors.- IV.B. Lunar Microcraters.- IV.C. Zodiacal Light and Thermal Emission.- IV.D. Early Spacecraft Detectors.- IV.E. Ulysses.- IV.F. Galileo.- V. Divine's Original Model Populations.- VI. Comparison of Divine's Model with Observations.- VI.A. Interplanetary Flux Model (Size Distribution).- VI.B. Meteors (Radial Distribution).- VI.C. Zodiacal Light and Thermal Emission.- VII. New Results.- VII.A. Interstellar Dust Population.- VILB. Meteoroid Populations Affected by Radiation Pressure.- VII.C. Predicted Fluxes onto the Cassini Detector.- VIII. Future Developments.- VIII.A. New Meteor Data and Analysis.- VIII.B. Small Meteoroid Populations.- VIII.C. Formulation of the Dust Environment of Earth-Orbiting Satellites.- VIII.D. Directional Flux onto a Satellite Surface.- VIII.E. Meteoroid Fluxes on LDEF.- References.- Instrumentation.- I. Introduction.- II. Detection and Characterization of Dust Particles.- II.A. Detection of Scattered and Emitted Light.- II.B. Charge.- II.C. Impact Light Flash.- II.D. Impact Ionization.- II.E. Thin-Foil Penetration.- II.F. Momentum.- II.G. Velocity, Trajectory, and Orbit.- II.H. Deceleration for Intact Capture.- II.I Mass, Density, and Diameter.- II.J. Chemical and Isotopic Composition.- III. Flight Instrumentation.- III.A. Explorer 16, Pegasus, and Pioneer 10:Large-Area Penetration Detector.- III.B. Pioneer 8: Reliable Coincidence Detector.- III.C. Heos 2: The First Speed-and-Mass Sensor for Small Dust Particle.- III.D. Helios: The First Dust Composition Analyzer.- III.E. VeGa 1/2 and Giotto to Comet Halley.- III.F. Galileo/Ulysses: Large-Area Multi-Coincidence Dust Detector System (DDS).- III.G. Hiten: Dust Counter (MDC) with a Transient Recorder.- III.H. Cassini: Multi-Parameter Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA).- III.I. Very-High-Resolution Cometary Dust Composition Analyzer (COSIMA).- IV. Laboratory Simulation.- IV.A. Acceleration of Dust Particles.- IV.B. Dust Charging in an Electrodynamic Quadrupole.- References.- Physical Processes on Interplanetary Dust.- I. Introduction.- II. Collisional Growth of Solid Particles.- II.A. Two-Particle Collisions.- II.B. Aggregation Phenomena.- II.C. Coagulation and Aggregation Studies in the Laboratory.- III. Collisional Fragmentation.- III.A. Impact Process.- III.B. Fragmentation and Strength.- III.C. Size Distribution of Fragments.- III.D. Shape Distribution of Fragments.- III.E. Velocity and Spin Distribution of Fragments.- IV. Sublimation.- IV.A. Equilibrium.- IV.B. Vapor Pressure Versus Temperature.- IV.C. Sublimation Rate.- IV.D. Interplanetary Dust Grain Temperatures.- IV.E. Comets.- IV.F. Reaction Force.- V. Sputtering.- V.A. Plasma Parameters.- V.B. Materials.- V.C. UV Irradiation.- V.D. Plasma-Induced Sputtering and Alteration.- VI. Charging.- VI.A. Charging of Single Isolated Dust Particles.- VI.B. Collective Effects on Dust Charging.- VII. Lifetimes.- References.- Interactions with Electromagnetic Radiation: Theory and Laboratory Simulations.- I. Introduction.- II. A Physical Dust Model.- III. Optical Constants.- III.A. Bulk Materials.- III.B. Aggregates and Other Inhomogeneous Materials.- IV. Scattering Solutions.- IV.A. Mie Theory and Related Boundary Solutions.- IV.B. Extension of Boundary Conditions to N-Spheres.- IV.C. T-Matrix Solutions.- IV.D. Internal Field Solutions.- IV.E. Experiments.- V. Results.- V.A. Theory-based studies.- V.B. Experiment-Based Studies.- V.C. Radiation Pressure.- VI. Closing Remarks.- References.- Orbital Evolution of Interplanetary Dust.- I. Introduction.- II. Forces and Collisions.- II.A. Radiation Forces.- II.B. Poynting-Robertson (P-R) Light Drag.- II.C. Collisions.- III. Orbital Evolution.- III.A. P-R Drag Affected Orbits.- III.B. Numerical Simulations.- III.C. SIMUL - Visualizing the Orbital Distribution.- III.D. Cometary Particles.- IV. Dust Bands.- IV.A. IRAS Observations.- IV.B. Modeling the Dust Bands.- IV.C. The Importance of Secular Perturbations.- IV.D. Equilibrium vs. Non-Equilibrium.- V. Background Cloud.- V.A. Tilt, Warp and Offset.- V.B. Physical Understanding of the Asymmetries.- V.C. Application to Circumstellar Disks.- VI. Resonant Ring.- VII. Accretion of IDPs.- VII.A. Long-Term Variations.- VIII. Conclusions.- References.- Dusty Rings and Circumplanetary Dust: Observations and Simple Physics.- I. Introduction.- II. Description.- II.A. Physical Models.- II.B. Observational Methods.- II.C. Physical Properties of the Dusty Rings.- III. Physical and Dynamical Processes Acting on Circumplanetary Dust.- III.A. Electrical Charging.- III.B. Forces.- III.C. Size Distributions.- III.D. Destruction and Generation of Grains.- III.E. Interactions with Nearby Satellites.- IV. Celestial Mechanics and Orbital Evolution.- IV.A. Introduction.- IV.B. Resonances.- IV.C. Orbit-Averaged Equations of Motion.- IV.D. Approximate Analytic Solutions.- V. Putting It Together.- V.A. Jovian Rings.- V.B. Saturn's E Ring.- V.C. The Dust Bands of Uranus and Neptune.- VI. Expected Advances.- References.- Interstellar Dust and Circumstellar Dust Disks.- I. Landmarks in Interstellar Dust Research.- I.A. From Early Conjectures to a Physical Theory.- I.B. The Classical Dust Model.- I.C. Interstellar Polarization.- I.D. Refractory Dust Grains.- I.E. Diagnostic Dust Bands and Laboratory Astrophysics.- II. Dust and Galactic Evolution.- II.A. The Multi-Phase Interstellar Medium.- II.B. Molecular Clouds and Star-Forming Regions.- II.C. Dust Populations and the Lifecyde of Dust.- III. Dust in Diffuse Interstellar Clouds.- III.A. Basic Observational Phenomena.- III.B. Dust Models.- IV. Dust in Molecular Clouds and Star-Forming Regions.- IV.A. Basic Observational Phenomena.- IV.B. Processes in Molecular Clouds and Star-Forming Regions.- V. Dust in Stellar Outflows.- V.A. Oxidic Stardust.- V.B. Carbonaceous Stardust.- V.C. Other Stardust Components.- VI. Dust in Young Circumstellar Disks and Planetary Systems.- VI.A. Observational Evidence for Young Circumstellar Disks.- VI.B. Vega-Phenomenon Dust.- References.
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