The book of evidence
著者
書誌事項
The book of evidence
（Oxford studies in the philosophy of science）
Oxford University Press, 2001
- : pbk
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注記
Includes bibliography & index
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
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ISBN 9780195143898
内容説明
What is required for something to be evidence for an hypothesis? The distinguished philosopher of science, Peter Achinstein, introduces here a basic concept of "potential" evidence which is characterized using a novel epistemic interpretation of probability. The resulting theory is applied to a range of philosophical and historical issues, including the "grue" and "raven" paradoxes; whether explanation or predictions provide more evidential weight; scientific discovery; whether Jean Perrin had non-circular evidence for molecules; and whether J.J. Thomson really discovered the electron.
- 巻冊次
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: pbk ISBN 9780195171716
内容説明
What is required for something to be evidence for a hypothesis?
In this fascinating, elegantly written work, distinguished philosopher of science Peter Achinstein explores this question, rejecting typical philosophical and statistical theories of evidence. He claims these theories are much too weak to give scientists what they want-a good reason to believe-and, in some cases, they furnish concepts that mistakenly make all evidential claims a priori.
Achinstein introduces four concepts of evidence, defines three of them by reference to "potential" evidence, and characterizes the latter using a novel epistemic interpretation of probability. The resulting theory is then applied to philosophical and historical issues. Solutions are provided to the "grue," "ravens," "lottery," and "old-evidence" paradoxes, and to a series of questions. These include whether explanations or predictions furnish more evidential weight, whether individual
hypotheses or entire theoretical systems can receive evidential support, what counts as a scientific discovery, and what sort of evidence is required for it. The historical questions include whether Jean Perrin had non-circular evidence for the existence of molecules, what type of evidence J. J. Thomson
offered for the existence of the electron, and whether, as is usually supposed, he really discovered the electron. Achinstein proposes answers in terms of the concepts of evidence introduced.
As the premier book in the fabulous new series Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Science, this volume is essential for philosophers of science and historians of science, as well as for statisticians, scientists with philosophical interests, and anyone curious about scientific reasoning.
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