Understanding clinical papers

著者

    • Bowers, David
    • House, Allan
    • Owens, David

書誌事項

Understanding clinical papers

David Bowers, Allan House, David Owens

John Wiley, c2001

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内容説明・目次

内容説明

Emphasis on evidence-based medicine has required clinicians to implement and collate information from clinical journals as part of their everyday work, yet the content of journal articles is often hard to comprehend and the validity of results and conclusions difficult to determine. This title takes a fresh and original approach to teach its readers the basic skills needed to read and understand a clinical paper. * Everything explained from the ground up * Practical approach with illustrations used for every term * Follows sequence of a typical paper * Concentrates on most complex areas of a paper Understanding Clinical Papers explains all you ever needed to know to comprehend completely all aspects of a typical clinical research paper. It is for everyone involved directly, or indirectly, in health care; an ultimate guide for those who read clinical literature.

目次

Preface. Acknowledgements. SETTING THE SCENE: WHO DID WHAT, AND WHY. Some Preliminaries. The Introduction. The Objectives. DESIGN MATTERS: WHAT TYPE OF STUDY AR YOU READING ABOUT? Descriptive Studies. Analytic Studies. Intervention Studies. THE CAST: FINDING OUT ABOUT THE SUBJECTS OF THE RESEARCH. The Research Setting. Populations and Samples. Identifying and Defining Cases. Controls and Comparisons. ESTABLISHING THE FACTS: STARTING WITH BASIC OBSERVATIONS. Identifying the Characteristics of Data. Summarising the Characteristics of Data. Measuring the Characteristics of Subjects. Measuring the Characteristics of Measures. ESTABLISHING MORE OF THE FACTS: SOME COMMON WAYS OF DESCRIBING RESULTS. Fractions, Proportions and Rates. Risk and Odds. Ratios of Risk and Odds. Confidence Intervals for Means, Proportions and Medians. Confidence Intervals for Ratios. GETTING INTO DATA ANALYSIS: HOW AND WHY STATISTICAL TESTS ARE USED, AND OTHER MATTERS. Hypothesis Tests and p-Values. Measuring Association. Measuring Agreement. Linear Regression. Logistic Regression. Proportional (Cox) Regression. Systematic Reviewing and Meta-analysis. Measuring Survival. READING BETWEEN THE LINES: HOW AUTHOR USE TEXT, TABLES AND PICTURES TO TELL YOU WHAT THEY'VE DONE. Results in Text and Tables. Results in Pictures. The Discussion and the Conclusions. References. Index.

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