Description
Ethnography is one of the most discussed research methods in the social sciences. This outstanding collection brings together some landmark contributions by key figures such as Geertz, Denzin, Whyte, Emerson and Atkinson and Delamont, and a wide variety of issues in the field. It provides a complete guide to the methods, significance and contribution of ethnography and will be an invaluable resource for scholars and students.
Volume 1: The Nature of Ethnography
This volume explores the roots of ethnography in Anthropology and Sociology. Contributions include: G W Stocking on the fieldwork tradition in British anthropology from Tyler to Malinowski; Edmund Leach on the roots and future of tribal ethnography; Boas on methods of ethnology; E E Evans Pritchard on the practice of fieldwork; Wax on Malinowski; James Urry on the contribution of field methods in anthropology; Lofland on the Chicago Legacy; Jennifer Platt on participant observation in sociology; W F Whyte on the application of participant observation; J M Champoulie on Everett Hughes's approach to fieldwork; Sara Delamont and Paul Atkinson on educational ethnography; S Porter on critical realist ethnography; Clifford Geertz on the native's point of view; R L Gold on the ethnographic method in sociology; K Narayan on `native' anthropology and Jack Katz on ethnography's warrants.
Volume 2: Ethnographic Fieldwork Practice
This volume explores the application and uses of ethnography. The material is organized into sections on the nature of ethnographic practice, access and entry, sampling, fieldwork roles, fieldwork relationships, informants, fieldnotes, interviewing and leaving the field.
Included here are contributions from J M Heslin on studying deviance; R M Emerson on the craft of fieldwork; H F Wolcott on methods of ethnography; D Serber on ethnography and bureaucracy; Richard Giulianotti on the use of ethnographic research methods in researching football hooliganism; M Q Patton and M R Luborsky and R L Rubinstein on sampling in qualitative research; R L Gold on sociological roles in field observation; D A Snow, R D Benford and I L Anderson on fieldwork roles and informational yield; S M Miller on the participant observer; R B Everhart on long term fieldwork in schools; J Dubisch on sex and the female anthropologist; J Cassell on the relationship between the observer and observed; W Shaffir on doing ethnography; J Van Maanen on the informant's game; M Shokied on anthropologists and their informants; R Sanjek on vocabularies of fieldnotes; N Rapport on writing fieldnotes; J E Jackson on fieldnotes and liminality; J R Spradley on the ethnographic interview; C L Biggs on the role of the interview in fieldwork; D Snow on the disengagement process and C Gallmeier on leaving, revisiting and staying in touch.
Volume 3: Issues in Ethnography
This volume is devoted to research and theory issues in the field. The material is divided into sections on gender, feminist ethnography, validation questions, relating ethnography to quantitative research; team ethnography; documents; the visual image; ethical issues; replication and re-study.
The contributions include: L Nader on emotions in fieldwork; C Warren and P Rasmussen on sex and gender in fieldwork research; N McKeganey and M Bloor on male gender and fieldwork relations; J Stacey on the possibility of feminist ethnography; B Skeggs on situating feminist ethnography; M LeCompte and J Goetz on problems of reliability and validity; R Emerson and M Pollner on quality criteria in qualitative interpretive research; W F Whyte on research methods for the study of conflict and co-operation; D Miller et al on the combination of quantitative and qualitative research in a study of shopping, place and identity; R C Rist on team ethnography; L Belgrave and K Smith on negotiated validity in collaborative ethnography; P Lemonnier on material culture and ethnography; P Atkinson and A Coffey on analyzing documentary data; D Harper on the visual ethnographic narrative; P Loizos on video, film and photographs in research documents; D M Fetterman on ethnographic educational evaluation; A M Johannsen on applied ethnography and postmodernist ethnography; J Cassell on ethical principles in fieldwork; G Fine on moral dilemmas in field research; A Hunter on the Gold Coast and Slum revisited; K G Heider on disagreements among ethnographers; and A Bryman on the Mead/Freeman controversy.
Volume 4: Analysis and Writing in Ethnography
The final volume contains sections on reflexivity in ethnography; auto-ethnography; interpreting ethnographic data; managing ethnographic data; analyzing ethnographic data; revisiting ethnographic data; ethnography as text; and the limits of ethnography.
Contributions include: M Clarke on survival in the field; I Karp and M B Kendall on reflexivity in fieldwork; L Ellingson on empathy, identification and reflexivity in fieldwork; D M Hayano on auto-ethnography; C Ellis on auto-ethnographic stories; J D Brewer on the ethnographic critique of ethnography; J Ennew on facts in fieldwork; E R Bruner on ethnography as narrative; A Johnson and O R Johnson on the measurement potential of ethnography fieldnotes; D L Altheide on ethnographic content analysis; R M Lee and N G Fielding on users' experience of qualitative data analysis software; J Katz on the social system of analytic fieldwork; K Charmaz on using grounded theory; R M Emerson et al on processing fieldnotes; P Atkinson on reading writing and rhetoric in ethnography; M S Mauthner et al on archiving and revisiting qualitative data; C Geertz on anthropology and the science of writing; S Tyler on post-modern ethnography; M Hammersley on the rhetorical turn in ethnography; N Denzin on the facts of fictions in qualitative inquiry; F and I Ingersoll on oral history and grounded theory and M Punch on limitations and liabilities in fieldwork.
This is an unparalleled resource for researchers and students interested in ethnography. Nothing compares with it in terms of ambition or content. It is the distillation of the key achievements and issues in the ethnographic tradition.
Table of Contents
VOLUME ONE: THE NATURE OF ETHNOGRAPHY
Introduction - A Bryman
A Review of Ethnography
PART ONE: ANTHROPOLOGICAL BEGINNINGS
The Ethnographer's Magic - G W Stocking
Fieldwork in British Anthropology from Tylor to Malinowski
Tribal Ethnography - E R Leach
Past, Present and Future
The Methods of Ethnology - F Boas
Some Reminiscences and Reflection on Fieldwork - E E Evans-Pritchard
Tenting with Malinowski - M L Wax
Notes and Queries on Anthropology and the Development of Field Methods in British Anthropology, 1870-1920 - J Urry
PART TWO: SOCIOLOGICAL BEGINNINGS
Understanding Urban Life - L H Lofland
The Chicago Legacy
The Development of the `Participant Observation' Method in Sociology - J Platt
Origin Myth and History
On Making the Most of Participant Observation - W F Whyte
Everett C Hughes and the Development of Fieldwork in Sociology - J M Champoulie
PART THREE: TRADITIONS IN ETHNOGRAPHY
Notes on Queries in Ethnography - C O Frake
The Two Traditions of Educational Ethnography - S Delamont and P Atkinson
Sociology and Anthropology Compared
Critical Realist Ethnography - S Porter
The Case of Racism and Professionalism in a Medical Setting
PART FOUR: EPISTEMOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY
From the Native's Point of View - C Geertz
On the Nature of Anthropological Understanding
Epistemological Implications of Fieldwork and Their Consequences - F A Salamone
The Ethnographic Method in Sociology - R L Gold
How Native Is a `Native' Anthropologist? - K Narayan
Ethnography's Warrants - J Katz
VOLUME TWO: ETHNOGRAPHIC FIELDWORK PRACTICE
PART ONE: THE NATURE OF ETHNOGRAPHIC PRACTICE
Studying Deviance in Four Settings - J M Henslin
Research Experiences with Cabbies, Suicides, Drug Users and Abortionees
Four Ways to Improve the Craft of Fieldwork - R M Emerson
Making a Study `More Ethnographic' - H F Wolcott
PART TWO: ACCESS AND ENTRY
The Masking of Social Reality - D Serber
Ethnographic Fieldwork in the Bureaucracy
Participant Observation and Research into Football Hooliganism - R Giulianotti
Reflections on the Problems of Entr[ac]ee and Everyday Risks
PART THREE: SAMPLING IN ETHNOGRAPHY
Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods - M Q Patton
Sampling in Qualitative Research - M R Luborsky and R L Rubinstein
Rationale, Issues and Methods
PART FOUR: FIELDWORK ROLES
Roles in Sociological Field Observation - R L Gold
Fieldwork Roles and Informational Yield - D A Snow, R D Benford and L Anderson
A Comparison of Alternative Settings and Roles
PART FIVE: ETHNOGRAPHIC FIELDWORK RELATIONSHIPS
The Participant Observer and Over-Rapport - S M Miller
Between Stranger and Friend - R B Everhart
Some Consequences of `Long-Term' Fieldwork in Schools
Lovers in the Field - J Dubisch
Sex, Dominance and the Female Anthropologist
The Relationship of Observer to Observed When Studying up - J Cassell
Doing Ethnography - W Shaffir
Reflections on Finding Your Way
PART SIX: INFORMANTS
The Informant Game - J Van Maanen
Anthropologists and Their Informants - M Shokeid
PART SEVEN: FIELDNOTES
A Vocabulary for Fieldnotes - R Sanjek
Writing Fieldnotes - N Rapport
The Conventionalities of Note-Taking in the Field
D[ac]ej[gr]a Entendu - J E Jackson
The Liminal Qualities of Anthropological Fieldnotes
PART EIGHT: INTERVIEWING IN ETHNOGRAPHY
Step Two - J R Spradley
Interviewing an Informant
Questions for the Ethnographer - C L Briggs
A Critical Examination of the Role of the Interview in Fieldwork
Privileging Fieldwork over Interviewing - S Kleinman, B Stenross and M McMahon
Consequences for Identity and Practice
PART NINE: LEAVING THE FIELD
The Disengagement Process - D Snow
A Neglected Problem in Participant Observation Research
Leaving, Revisiting and Staying in Touch - C Gallmeier
Neglected Issues in Field Research
VOLUME THREE: ISSUES IN ETHNOGRAPHY
PART ONE: GENDER IN THE FIELD
From Anguish to Exultation - L Nader
Sex and Gender in Fieldwork Research - C Warren and P Rasmussen
Spotting the Invisible Man - N McKeganey and M Bloor
The Influence of Male Gender on Fieldwork Relations
PART TWO: FEMINIST ETHNOGRAPHY
Can There Be a Feminist Ethnography? - J Stacey
Situating the Production of Feminist Ethnography - B Skeggs
Yes Virginia, There Is a Feminist Ethnography - D Bell
Reflections from Three Australian Fields
PART THREE: VALIDATING ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
Problems of Reliability and Validity in Ethnographic Research - M LeCompte and J Goetz
On the Use of Members' Responses to Reseachers' Accounts - R M Emerson and M Pollner
Emerging Criteria for Quality in Qualitative and Interpretive Research - Y S Lincoln
PART FOUR: COMBINING ETHNOGRAPHY WITH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Research Methods for the Study of Conflict and Cooperation - W F Whyte
The Combination of Quantitative and Qualitative Research in a Study of Shopping, Place and Identity - D Miller et al
PART FIVE: TEAM ETHNOGRAPHY
Blitzkrieg Ethnography - R C Rist
On the Transformation of a Method into a Movement
Negotiated Validity in Collaborative Ethnography - L L Belgrave and K J Smith
PART SIX: DOCUMENTS AND MATERIAL CULTURE
The Study of Material Culture Today - P Lemonnier
Towards an Anthropology of Technical Systems
Analyzing Documentary Realities - P Atkinson and A Coffey
PART SEVEN: THE VISUAL IMAGE
The Visual Ethnographic Narrative - D Harper
Video, Film and Photographs as Research Documents - P Loizos
PART EIGHT: APPLYING ETHNOGRAPHY
Ethnographic Educational Evaluation - D M Fetterman
Applied Anthropology and Postmodernist Ethnography - A M Johannsen
PART NINE: ETHICAL ISSUES IN ETHNOGRAPHY
Ethical Principles for Conducting Fieldwork - J Cassell
Ten Lies of Ethnography - G A Fine
Moral Dilemmas in Field Research
PART TEN: REPLICATION AND RE-STUDY IN ETHNOGRAPHY
The Gold Coast and the Slum Revisited - A Hunter
The Rashomon Effect - K G Heider
When Ethnographers Disagree
The Mead/Freeman Controversy - A Bryman
Some Implications for Qualitative Researchers
VOLUME FOUR: ANALYSIS AND WRITING IN ETHNOGRAPHY
PART ONE: REFLEXIVITY IN ETHNOGRAPHY: THE PERSONAL DIMENSION
Survival in the Field - M Clarke
Implications of Personal Experience in Fieldwork
Reflexivity in Fieldwork - I Karp and M B Kendall
`Then You Know How I Feel' - L Ellingson
Empathy, Identification and Reflexivity in Fieldwork
PART TWO: AUTO-ETHNOGRAPHY
Auto-Ethnography - D M Hayano
Paradigms, Problems and Prospects
Exploring Loss through Auto-Ethnographic Inquiry - C Ellis
Auto-Ethnographic Stories, Co-Constructed Narratives and Interactive Interviews
PART THREE: INTERPRETING ETHNOGRAPHIC DATA
The Ethnographic Critique of Ethnography - J D Brewer
Sectarianism in the RUC
Examining the Facts in Fieldwork - J Ennew
Considerations of Method and Data
Ethnography as Narrative - E R Bruner
PART FOUR: MANAGING ETHNOGRAPHIC DATA
Quality into Quantity - A Johnson and O R Johnson
On the Measurement Potential of Ethnography Fieldnotes
Ethnographic Content Analysis - D L Altheide
Users' Experiences of Qualitative Data Analysis Software - R M Lee and N G Fielding
PART FIVE: ANALYZING ETHNOGRAPHIC DATA
A Theory of Qualitative Methodology - J Katz
The Social System of Analytic Fieldwork
`Discovering' Chronic Illness - K Charmaz
Using Grounded Theory
Processing Fieldnotes - R M Emerson, R I Fretz and L L Shaw
Coding and Memoing
PART SIX: REVISITING ETHNOGRAPHIC DATA
The Ethnography of a Medical Setting - P Atkinson
Reading, Writing and Rhetoric
The Data Are out There, or Are They? Implications for Archiving and Revisiting Qualitative Data - N S Mauthner, O Parry and K Backett-Milburn
PART SEVEN: ETHNOGRAPHY AS TEXT
Being There - C Geertz
Anthropology and the Science of Writing
Postmodern Ethnography - S A Tyler
From Document of the Occult to Occult Document
The Rhetorical Turn in Ethnography - M Hammersley
Educational Birds - L Richardson
The Facts of Fictions in Qualitative Inquiry - N K Denzin
PART EIGHT: THE LIMITS OF ETHNOGRAPHY
Bringing It All Back Home - R Jenkins
An Anthropologist in Belfast
Both a Borrower and a Lender Be - F Ingersoll and J Ingersoll
Ethnography, Oral History and Grounded Theory
Researching Police Deviance - M Punch
A Personal Encounter with the Limitations and Liabilities of Fieldwork
by "Nielsen BookData"
