CiNii Books - And along came Boas : continuity and revolution in Americanist anthropology

Author(s)

- Darnell, Regna

Bibliographic Information

And along came Boas : continuity and revolution in Americanist anthropology

Regna Darnell

（Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science, ser. 3 . Studies in the history of the language sciences ; v. 86）

John Benjamins, c2000

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Note

Bibliography: p. [301]-320

Includes indexes

Description and Table of Contents

Description

The advent of Franz Boas on the North American scene irrevocably redirected the course of Americanist anthropology. This volume documents the revolutionary character of the theoretical and methodological standpoint introduced by Boas and his first generation of students, among whom linguist Edward Sapir was among the most distinguished. Virtually all of the classic Boasians were at least part-time linguists alongside their ethnological work. During the crucial transitional period beginning with the founding of the Bureau of American Ethnology in 1879, there were as many continuities as discontinuities between the work of Boas and that of John Wesley Powell and his Bureau. Boas shared with Powell a commitment to the study of aboriginal languages, to a symbolic definition of culture, to ethnography based on texts, to historical reconstruction on linguistic grounds, and to mapping the linguistic and cultural diversity of native North America. The obstacle to Boas's vision of anthropology was not the Bureau but the archaeological and museum establishment centred in Washington, D.C. and in Boston. Moreover, the "scientific revolution" was concluded not when Boas began to teach at Columbia University in New York in 1897 but around 1920 when first generation Boasians cominated the discipline in institutional as well as theoretical terms. The impact of Boas is explored in terms of theoretical positions, interactional networks of scholars, and institutions within which anthropological work was carried out. The volume shows how collaboration of universities and museums gradually gave way to an academic centre for anthropology in North America, in line with the professionalization of American science along German lines during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The author is Professor of Anthropology and Director of the Centre for Research and Teaching of Canadian Native Languages at the University of Western Ontario, Canada. She is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.

Table of Contents

1. Frontispiece
2. Preface
3. Introduction: Continuities Across Scientific Revolutions
4. I. The Bureau of American Ethnology
5. 1 The Development of Professional Anthropology in America
6. 2 Government-Sponsored Science
7. 2.1 Joseph Henry and the Smithsonian Institution
8. 2.2 Spencer Baird and the Collection of Specimens
9. 2.3 The Geological Surveys
10. 2.4 The Curtailment of Government Science
11. 2.5 From Geology to Ethnology
12. 3 Constraints of Government Anthropology
13. 3.1 Bureau Archaeology
14. 3.2 Finances of the Bureau
15. 3.3 Applied Anthropology
16. 3.4 The Limitation to the American Indian
17. 4 The Mapping of North America
18. 4.1 The Myth Concordance
19. 4.2 Linguistic Manuscripts
20. 4.3 Bibliographies
21. 4.4 'Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages'
22. 4.5 The Definition of Linguistic Families
23. 4.6 Brinton's Linguistic Classification
24. 4.7 The Authorship of the Powell Classification
25. 5 Organizing Anthropological Research in America
26. 5.1 Problems in Professional Standards
27. 5.2 Bureau Fieldwork
28. 5.3 Collaboration
29. 5.4 The Missisonary Question
30. 5.5 Powell's Evolutionary Synthesis
31. 5.6 The End of an Era in the Bureau
32. II. The Development of Institutional Alternatives
33. 6 Early Attempts at University Anthropology
34. 6.1 Graduate Education in America
35. 6.2 False Starts in Academic Anthropology
36. 6.3 The University of Pennsylvania
37. 6.4 Clark University
38. 6.5 The University of Chicago
39. 6.6 The Temporary Insufficiency of Academic Anthropology
40. 7 The Tradition of Museum Research
41. 7.1 The Peabody Museum
42. 7.2 The Bureau and the National Museum
43. 7.3 Changing Times in the Bureau
44. 8 Uneasy Institutional Cooperation
45. 8.1 The Field Columbian Museum
46. 8.2 The American Museum of Natural History
47. 8.3 The University of California, Berkeley
48. 9 Boasian University Programs
49. 9.1 Boas's Teaching at Columbia
50. 9.2 The University of Pennsylvania
51. 9.3 Boasian Anthropology at Chicago
52. 9.4 The Geological Survey of Canada
53. 9.5 The Autonomy of Academic Anthropology
54. III. Continued Mapping of North America
55. 10 Boas and the Bureau of American Ethnology
56. 10.1 From Synonymy to Handbook
57. 10.2 Boas's 'Handbook of American Indian Languages'
58. 10.3 The Myth Concordance
59. 10.4 The Phonetics Committee
60. 11 Mapping the Languages of California
61. 11.1 'The Handbook of California Indians'
62. 11.2 California Institutional Cooperation
63. 12 Revising the Linguistic Classification
64. 12.1 'Diffusional Cumulation' and 'Archaic Residue'
65. 12.2 The Linguistic Stocks of California
66. 12.3 The Sapir Classification
67. 12.4 Radin and the Genetic Unity of All American Languages
68. IV. Boasian Hegemony Consolidated
69. 13 Formalizations in the Face of Opposition
70. 13.1 The Establishment of a National Journal
71. 13.2 The American Anthropological Association
72. 13.3 The National Association Becomes Boasian
73. 13.4 The American Folklore Society
74. 13.5 The American Council of Learned Societies
75. 13.6 Confrontations with the Old Establishment
76. 13.7 Boasians in the Bureau
77. 14 Articulating the Boasian Paradigm
78. 14.1 The Content of the Boasian Paradigm
79. 14.2 Boasian Ethnology
80. 14.3 The Distribution of Folklore Elements
81. 14.4 Boasian Fieldwork
82. 14.5 The Culture Area Concept
83. 14.6 The Critique of Evolution
84. 14.7 The Emphasis on Cultural Wholes
85. 14.8 Theoretical Syntheses
86. 14.9 Envoi
87. List of Illustrations
88. Illustration Credits
89. List of Figures
90. References
91. Index of Biographical Names
92. Index of Subjects and Terms

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