Folk psychologies across cultures
著者
書誌事項
Folk psychologies across cultures
Sage Publications, c2001
- : pbk
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. 291-314) and indexes
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Without taking a single psychology course, ordinary people learn to understand, predict, and explain one anther's actions, thoughts, and motivations. Many cognitive scientists and philosophers claim that our everyday or folk understanding of mental states constitutes a theory of mind. That theory is widely called folk psychology (sometimes-commonsense psychology). The terms in which folk psychology are couched are familiar ones of "belief" and "desire," "hunger," "pain," and so forth. According to many theorists, folk psychology plays a central role in our capacity to predict and explain the behavior of ourselves and of others. This book has two goals: (a) to provide a framework for analyzing folk psychologies, and (b) to describe multiple forms that folk psychologies assume in different cultures.
Features/Benefits:
* Cross-cultural perspectives illustrate typical variations of folk thinking in the world's cultures and help readers understand the varied ways that people they encounter will likely view life.
* Each chapter opens with and is structured around a central question the chapter is designed to answer, inviting the reader to participate in exploring the issue at hand. A concluding chapter, "Trends in Folk Psychologies," addresses the value of studying folk psychologies and what can be
目次
Preface
1. Diverse Cultures, Diverse Psycholgies
Contrasting Conceptions of Folk Psychology
Cultural Diversity
The Book's Twofold Purpose
Delineating the Domain of Folk Psychologies
Sources of Evidence
The Evolution of Folk Psychologies
The Book's Structure
2. Reality
Dimensions of Reality
Reality and Cultural Change
3. Knowing
Knowledge Processes and Sources
Cultural Change and the State of Knowledge
4. Cause
Aspects of Causality
Cultural Change and Beliefs About Cause
5. Competence
Kinds of Competence
Conceptions of Impairment
Cultural Change and Competence
6. Values
Types of Values in Folk Psycholgies
Values and Cultural Change
7. Emotions
The Universality of Emotions
Learning Emotional Responses
Event and Emotion Connections
Emotions and Cultural Change
8. Humor
Examples of Folk Humor
Humor and Cultural Change
9. Self and Not-Self
Psychological Identification
Stereotypical Roles Versus Individualism
The Presentation of Self
Self and Cultural Change
10. Rites and Rituals
Functions of Rites and Rituals
Rituals and Cultural Change
11. Time and the Life Span
Versions of Historical Time
The Human Life Span
Cultural Change and Concepts of Time
12. Gender and Sex
Gender Variations Across Folk Psychologies
Gender and Cultural Change
Sexual Orientation
Sexual Behavior
Cultural Change and Sexual Orientation
13. Prohibitions
Forms and Soruces and Prohibitions
Functions of Prohibitions
Prohibitions and Cultural Change
14. Folk Psychologies' Significance and Trends
The Study of Folk Psychologies
Hindsight
Foresight
References
Name Index
Subject Index
About the Author
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