Matters of life and death : making moral theory work in medical ethics and the law
著者
書誌事項
Matters of life and death : making moral theory work in medical ethics and the law
（Princeton paperbacks）
Princeton University Press, c2001
- : pbk
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Philosophical debates over the fundamental principles that should guide life-and-death medical decisions usually occur at a considerable remove from the tough, real-world choices made in hospital rooms, courthouses, and legislatures. David Orentlicher seeks to change that, drawing on his extensive experience in both medicine and law to address the translation of moral principle into practice--a move that itself generates important moral concerns. Orentlicher uses controversial life-and-death issues as case studies for evaluating three models for translating principle into practice. Physician-assisted suicide illustrates the application of "generally valid rules," a model that provides predictability and simplicity and, more importantly, avoids the personal biases that influence case-by-case judgments. The author then takes up the debate over forcing pregnant women to accept treatments to save their fetuses. He uses this issue to weigh the "avoidance of perverse incentives," an approach to translation that follows principles hesitantly for fear of generating unintended results.
And third, Orentlicher considers the denial of life-sustaining treatment on grounds of medical futility in his evaluation of the "tragic choices" model, which hides difficult life-and-death choices in order to prevent paralyzing social conflict. Matters of Life and Death is a rich and stimulating contribution to bioethics and law. It is the first book to examine closely the broad problems of translating principle into practice. And by analyzing specific controversies along the way, it develops original insights likely to provoke both moral philosophers and those working on thorny issues of life and death.
目次
Acknowledgments vii One: Introduction 1 PART ONE: THE APPROACH OF USING GENERALLY VALID RULES Two: The Importance of Generally Valid Rules in Implementing Moral Principle 11 Three: The Absence of a Moral Distinction between Treatment Withdrawal and Assisted Suicide 24 Four: The Distinction between Treatment Withdrawal and Assisted Suicide as a Generally Valid Way to Distinguish between Morally Justified and Morally Unjustified Deaths 53 PART TWO: AVOIDING PERVERSE INCENTIVES Five: The Implications for Practice of a Policy's Perverse Incentives 83 Six: Underlying Moral Principle Permits a Limited Legal Obligation for Pregnant Wowen to Accept Life-Saving Treatment for Their Fetuses 91 Seven: The Problems with a Legal Duty for Pregnant Wowen Because of Perverse Incentives 113 PART THREE: THE "TRAGIC CHOICES" MODEL Eight: Avoiding Explicit Trade-offs through Implicit Choices 123 Nine: Limitations of the "Futility" Concept in Medical Treatment Decisions 132 Ten: Futility as a Way to Make "Tragic Choices" 153 Conclusion 167 Notes 171 Index 225
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