Datums and map projections for remote sensing, GIS, and surveying
著者
書誌事項
Datums and map projections for remote sensing, GIS, and surveying
CRC Press, 2000
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. [142]-143) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
New methods of acquiring spatial data and the advent of geographic information systems (GIS) for handling and manipulating data mean that we no longer must rely on paper maps from a single source, but can acquire, combine, and customize spatial data as needed. To ensure quality results, however, one must fully understand the diverse coordinate frameworks upon which the data are based.
Datums and Map Projections provides clear, accessible explanations of the terminology, relationships, transformations, and computations involved in combining data from different sources. The first half of the book focuses on datums, exploring different coordinate systems and datums, including two- and three-dimensional representations of Earth coordinates and vertical datums. After an overview of the global positioning system (GPS), the author introduces the fundamentals of map projections and examines the different types. He then presents models and procedures for transforming directly between data sets. The final chapter presents case studies of projects that illustrate the types of problems often encountered in practice.
Newcomers to the field will welcome this treatment that, instead of detailed mathematics, uses lucid explanations and numerous examples to unravel the complexities of the subject. For more experienced readers, the book is a valuable reference that answers specific questions and imparts a better understanding of transformation operations and principles.
Features
目次
INTRODUCTION
Background
Coordinates and Datums
TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL COORDINATE SYSTEMS
Introduction
Spherical Coordinates
Spheroidal Coordinates
Cartesian Coordinates
HEIGHT AND THE GEOID
The Geoid
Reference Surfaces for Height
GLOBAL, REGIONAL, AND LOCAL DATUMS
Global Datums
Local and Regional Datums
THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
Introduction
System Overview
Positioning with Codes
Differential GPS Using Codes
GPS Phase Meaurements
ASPECTS OF DATUM TRANSFORMATIONS
Introduction
Knowledge of Separation, N
Knowledge of Height, H
Knowledge of Datum Transformation Parameters
Datum Transformations for Precise Applications
FUNDAMENTALS OF MAP PROJECTIONS
Introduction
Spheres and Spheroids
Grids and Graticules
Scale Factor
Developable Surfaces
Preserved Features
Computational Aspects
Designing a Projection
CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS
Cylindrical Equidistant Projection
Cylindrical Equal Area Projection
Mercator Projection
Transverse Mercator Projection
Oblique Mercator Projection
AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS
General Azimuthal Projection
Azimuthal Equidistant Projection
Azimuthal Equal Area Projection
Azimuthal Stereographic (Conformal) Projection
Gnomonic Projection
CONIC PROJECTIONS
General Conic Projection
Conic Equidistant Projection
Albers (Conic) Equal Area Projection
Lambert Conformal Conic Projection
SUMMARY OF INFORMATION REQUIRED
Formulae
Parameters
DIRECT TRANSFORMATIONS
Compatibility of Coordinate Systems
Ground Control
Plane Transformations
Unknown Projections: Measuring from Maps
CASE STUDIES
Transformation of GPS Data into a Local Datum
A Projection for Australia
Establishment of Maritime Boundaries on a Projection
Two-Dimensional Transformation of Satellite Imagery
Two-Dimensional Transformation GPS Data
Determining the Parameters of an Unknown Projection
APPENDICES
Spherical Coordinates
Basic Geometry of the Ellipsoid
Determination of Transformation Parameters by Least Squares
REFERENCES
INDEX
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