CiNii Books - Liberty and conscience : a documentary history of the experiences of conscientious objectors in America through the Civil War

Although the act of conscientious objection entered modern consciousness largely as a result of the Vietman War, Americans have, in fact, long struggled to reconcile their politics and pacifist beliefs with compulsory military service. While conscientious objection in the twentieth century has been well documented, there has been surprisingly little study of its long history in America's early conflicts, defined as these have been by accounts of patriotism and nation-building. During the period of conscription from the late 1650s to the end of the Civil War, many North Americans refused military service on moral grounds. In this volume, Peter Brock, one of the foremost historians of American pacifism, seeks to remedy this oversight by presenting a rich and varied collection of documents, many drawn from obscure sources, that shed new light on American religious and military history. These include legal findings, church and meeting proceedings, appeals by nonconformists to government authorities, and illuminating excerpts from personal journals. These accounts contain many poignant, often painful, and sometimes even humorous episodes that offer glimpses into the lives of conscientious objectors of the era. One of the most striking features to emerge from these documents is the critical role of religion in the history of American pacifism. Brock finds that virtually all who refused military service in this period were inspired by religious convictions, with Quakers frequently the most ardent dissenters. Only in the antebellum period did the pacifist spectrum expand to include nonsectarians such as the famous abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, founder of the New England Non-Resistance Society. A dramatic and powerful portrait of early American pacifism, Liberty and Conscience presents not only the thought and practice of the objectors themselves, but also the response of the authorities and the general public.

Table of Contents

Part I: Colonial America 1: The First Quaker Conscientious Objectors in America, 1658 2: Rhode Island, 1673: "None to be compelled to train or fight against their consciences" 3: Witnessing to the Quaker Peace Testimony 4: Quakers and Naval Impressment 5: Conscientious Objectors in the French and Indian War Part II: English West Indies 6: Militia "Sufferings" among Quakers 7: Alternative Service and the Quakers of Antigua Part III: Revolutionary America 8: Quaker Militia Penalties 9: Dilemmas of a Quaker Tax and Paper Currency Objector 10: The German Peace Sects of Pennsylvania and the Draft 11: A Peace Sect Wrestles with the Problem of Hiring a Substitute 12: The Conscientious Objection of a Methodist Preacher 13: The Moravian Brethren and War Part IV: Upper Canada 14: Legislative Exemption for Peace Sects 15: Quakers and Military Requisitions, 1810-1824 16: A Quaker Family in the War of 1812 17: Quaker Conscientious Objectors in Rural Upper Canada, 1840 Part V: The New Republic to Antebellum America 18: Continuing Quaker Witness against War, 1801-1824 19: A Quaker Petition against Militia Conscription, 1810 20: A Small-Sect Militia Objector 21: Pleas for Exemption of Nonsectarian Militia Objectors 22: William Lloyd Garrison as a Militia Objector 23: Should "Pacific Exempts" Pay Malitia Fines? 24: Nonsectarian Miltia Objectors in Jail 25: Dilemmas of Quaker Conscientious Objectors in Antebellum America Part VI: Civil War America 26: A Garrisonian Mother and Her Draft-Age Sons 27: William Lloyd Garrison and His Son's Exemption from Military Drill at School 28: Conscript Dilemmas at the Hopedale Community 29: Draft Experiences of a Conscripted Shaker 30: The Civil War Diary of a Quaker Conscript 31: Trials of a Quaker Conscientious Objector in the Confederate Army 32: A Reluctant Conscientious Objector 33: A Consistent War-Tax Objector 34: A Monnonite Farmer Hires a Substitute 35: Brethren and Mennonites as Exiles from the Confederate Draft 36: Adventists Confront the Draft 37: A Disciple of Christ Goes the Second Mile 38: Christadelphians and the Draft

Volume: : pbk ISBN 9780195151220

Description

Although the act of conscientious objection entered modern consciousness largely as a result of the Vietman War, Americans have, in fact, long struggled to reconcile their politics and pacifist beliefs with compulsory military service. While conscientious objection in the twentieth century has been well documented, there has been surprisingly little study of its long history in America's early conflicts, defined as these have been by accounts of patriotism and nation-building. During the period of conscription from the late 1650s to the end of the Civil War, many North Americans refused military service on moral grounds. In this volume, Peter Brock, one of the foremost historians of American pacifism, seeks to remedy this oversight by presenting a rich and varied collection of documents, many drawn from obscure sources, that shed new light on American religious and military history. These include legal findings, church and meeting proceedings, appeals by nonconformists to government authorities, and illuminating excerpts from personal journals. These accounts contain many poignant, often painful, and sometimes even humorous episodes that offer glimpses into the lives of conscientious objectors of the era. One of the most striking features to emerge from these documents is the critical role of religion in the history of American pacifism. Brock finds that virtually all who refused military service in this period were inspired by religious convictions, with Quakers frequently the most ardent dissenters. Only in the antebellum period did the pacifist spectrum expand to include nonsectarians such as the famous abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, founder of the New England Non-Resistance Society. A dramatic and powerful portrait of early American pacifism, Liberty and Conscience presents not only the thought and practice of the objectors themselves, but also the response of the authorities and the general public.

Table of Contents

Part I: Colonial America 1: The First Quaker Conscientious Objectors in America, 1658 2: Rhode Island, 1673: "None to be compelled to train or fight against their consciouses" 3: Witnessing to the Quaker Peace Testmony 4: Quakers and Naval Impressment 5: Conscientious Objectors in the French and Indian War Part II. English West Indies 6: Militia "Sufferings" among Quakers 7: Alternative Service and the Quakers of Antigua Part III: Revolutionary America 8: Quaker Militia Penalties 9: Dilemmas of a Quaker Tax and Paper Currency Objector 10: The German Peace Sects of Pennsylvania and the Draft 11: A Peace Sect Wrestles with the Problem of Hiring a Substitute 12: The Conscientious Objection of a Methodist Preacher 13: The Moravian Brethren and War Part IV: Upper Canada 14: Legislative Exemption for Peace Sects 15: Quakers and Military Requisitions, 1810-1817 16: A Quaker Family in the War of 1812 17: Quaker Conscientious Objectors in Rural Upper Canada, 1840 Part V: The New Republic to Antebellum America 18: Continuing Quaker Witness against War, 1801-1824 19: A Quaker Petition against Militia Conscription, 1810 20: A Small-Sect Militia Objector 21: Pleas for Exemption of Nonsectarian Milita Objectors 22: William Lloyd Garrison as a Militia Objector, 1829 23: Should "Pacific Exempts" Pay Militia Fines? 24: Nonsectarian Militia Objectors in Jail 25: Dilemmas of Quaker Conscientious Objectors in Antebellum America Part VI: Civil War America 26: A Garrisonian Mother and Her Draft-Age Sons 27: William Lloyd Garrison and His Son's Exemption from Military Drill at School 28: Conscript Dilemmas at the Hopedale Community 29: Draft Experiences of a Conscripted Shaker 30: The Civil War Diary of a Quaker Conscript 31: Trials of a Quaker Conscientious Objector in the Confederate Army 32: A Reluctant Conscientious Objector 33: A Consistent War-Tax Objector 34: A Mennonite Farmer Hires a Substitute 35: Brethren and Mennonites as Exiles from the Confederate Draft 36: Adventists Confront the Draft 37: A Disciple of Christ Goes the Second Mile 38: Christadelphians and the Draft

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Liberty and conscience : a documentary history of the experiences of conscientious objectors in America through the Civil War

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