Introductory oceanography
著者
書誌事項
Introductory oceanography
Prentice Hall, c2001
9th ed
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注記
"Environmental issues in oceanography by Daniel C. Abel, Robert L. McConnell, Eric Koepfler"
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
For introductory courses in Oceanography found in departments of geology or biology.
A popular introduction to the study of the world's oceans that provides a straightforward and comprehensive presentation of the subject. It covers fundamental topics such as the origins of marine life, the physical properties of the oceans, and the chemistry of seawater. New issues have been added to give students timely coverage of high interest topics, including "Global Warming and Sea Level Rise", "Beaches or Bedrooms: The Dynamic Coastal Environment," "Sharks," and "Illegal Immigration: Ballast Water and Exotic Species." The book approaches marine biology from an ecological perspective rather than a taxonomic one.
目次
(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with Summary, Key Terms, Questions and Exercises, References, Suggested Reading, and Web Resources.)
1. The History of Ocean Exploration and Ocean Science.
Early Evidence of Ocean Travel. The Scientific Discoveries of the Greeks and Romans. The Middle Ages and the Ming Dynasty. European Exploration and the Renaissance. The Beginning of Ocean Science. Twentieth Century Oceanography.
2. Beginnings of the Universe, Earth, and Life.
The Universe and the Solar System. Origin of the Solar System and of Earth. The Composition of Earth. Relative and Absolute Dating. Origin of the Atmosphere and Oceans. Cycling and Mass Balance. The Origin of Life.
3. Global Plate Tectonics.
Isostasy. Evidence for Plate Tectonics from the Continents. Evidence for Plate Tectonics from the Oceans. Plate Boundaries.
4. Marine Provinces.
Bathymetry. Continental Margin Marine Provinces.
5. Marine Sediments.
Sediment Sources. Classification of Marine Sediments. Controls of Oceanic Sediment Accumulation. Distribution of Oceanic Sediments.
6. The Physical Properties of Water and Seawater.
The Water Molecule. Surface Tension and Viscosity. Light Transmission in Water. Sound Transmission in Seawater. The Thermal Properties of Water. The Water Cycle.
7. The Chemistry of Seawater.
The Dissolving Power of Water. Ocean Water Salinity. Seawater Density. Dissolved Gases in Water. Acidity and Alkalinity. Organic Chemistry of Seawater. Variations in Seawater Composition with Depth and Latitude. Source of the Salts. Biogeochemical Cycles.
8. Air-Sea Interaction.
Solar Energy Received by Earth. Heat Flow and the Coriolis Effect. Heat Budget of the World Ocean and Climate Patterns. Fog. Ice Formation. Energy from Ocean Thermal Gradients.
9. Ocean Circulation.
Horizontal Circulation. Vertical Circulation. Antarctic Circulation. Atlantic Ocean Circulation. Pacific Ocean Circulation. Indian Ocean Circulation. El Nino-Southern Oscillation Events. Power from the Winds and Currents.
10. Waves.
Definition of a Wave. Wave Characteristics. Making Waves. Interaction with the Shore. Storm Surges. Tsunami. Internal Waves. Harnessing Wave Energy.
11. Tides.
Generating Tides. Equilibrium Theory of Tides. Prediction of Equilibrium Tides. Dynamic Theory of Tides. Types of Tides. Tides Observed throughout the World. Tides as a Source of Power.
12. The Shore.
Plate Tectonics and the Coasts. Coastal Terminology. Classification of Coasts. U.S. Coastal Conditions. Coastal Development.
13. Coastal Water and Marginal Seas.
Coastal Water Circulation. Estuaries. Wetlands. Serious Loss of Valuable Wetlands. Lagoons. Marginal Seas.
14. The Marine Environment.
Marine Organisms and the Chemistry of Their Environment. Marine Organisms and the Physical Properties of Their Environment. The Distribution of Life. Classifying Organisms.
15. Biological Productivity and Energy Transfer.
Classification of Organisms. Macroscopic Algae and Plants. Microscopic Algae. Primary Productivity. Ecosystems and Energy Transfer. Ozone Depletion and Phytoplankton Production.
16. Animals of the Pelagic Environment.
Staying above the Ocean Floor. Adaptations for Seeking Prey. Marine Mammals. Group Behavior. Other Adaptive Behaviors.
17. Animals of the Benthic Environment.
Distribution of Benthic Animals. Animals of Rocky Shores. Animals of Sediment-Covered Shores. Animals of the Shallow Offshore Ocean Floor. Coral Reefs. Animals of the Deep-Ocean Floor.
18. Exploitation and Pollution of Marine Resources.
Laws and Regulations. Ecosystem Health and Fisheries. Mariculture. Petroleum Resources. Other Pollutants. Mineral Resources. Water and Salt.
Appendix I: Logarithms and Scientific Notation.
Appendix II. Latitude and Longitude Determination.
Appendix III. Taxonomic Classification of Common Marine Organisms.
Appendix IV. Roots, Prefixes and Suffixes.
Appendix V. A Chemical Background.
Glossary.
Index.
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