How to build a mind : toward machines with imagination
著者
書誌事項
How to build a mind : toward machines with imagination
（Maps of the mind）
Columbia University Press, 2001
- cloth
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注記
Bibliography: p. 189-190
Includes index
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
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ISBN 9780231120104
内容説明
How much of sexual diversity is the result of nature versus nurture? Prevailing theories today lean heavily toward nature. Now a leading researcher in neuroscience and animal behavior shows how, in recent history, scientific claims about sex and gender differences have reflected the culture of the time. Although the conviction that genetics can explain everything is now widespread, the author demonstrates the interaction of culture and environment in the formation of behavioral traits and so provides an important corrective to popular notions of reductionism.Starting with a summary of sex and gender studies, Rogers explains the error of sex biasing, especially the once-assumed inferiority of women. She then addresses several modern studies and investigations, some of which assert that sex and gender differences are the product of genetic inheritance and hormones. Rogers uses laboratory evidence from studies of animals that help illustrate the biologically fluid properties of sex and gender. Sexing the Brain addresses a variety of topical questions: Are there sex differences in how we think and feel? Is language processed in different parts of the brain in men and women?
Do social influences have a stronger influence on sexual behavior than sex hormone levels? Rogers concludes that "our biology does not bind us to remain the same...We have the ability to change, and the future of sex differences belongs to us."
目次
1. New Methods, Old Ideas 2. What Causes Sex Differences? 3. Gay Genes? 4. Hormones, Sex, and Gender 5. Experience, Interactions, and Change Recommended Reading
- 巻冊次
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cloth ISBN 9780231120128
内容説明
Igor Aleksander heads a major British team that has applied engineering principles to the understanding of the human brain and has built several pioneering machines, culminating in MAGNUS, which he calls a machine with imagination. When he asks it (in words) to produce an image of a banana that is blue with red spots, the image appears on the screen in seconds. The idea of such an apparently imaginative, even conscious machine seems heretical and its advocates are often accused of sensationalism, arrogance, or philosophical ignorance. Part of the problem, according to Aleksander, is that consciousness remains ill-defined. Interweaving anecdotes from his own life and research with imagined dialogues between historical figures-including Descartes, Locke, Hume, Kant, Wittgenstein, Francis Crick, and Steven Pinker-Aleksander leads readers toward an understanding of consciousness. He shows not only how the latest work with artificial neural systems suggests that an artificial form of consciousness is possible but also that its design would clarify many of the puzzles surrounding the murky concept of consciousness itself.
The book also looks at the presentation of "self" in robots, the learning of language, and the nature of emotion, will, instinct, and feelings.
目次
Preface 1. Imagination and Consciousness 2. Miletus: Where the Dreaming Begins 3. Nineteen Fifty-eight: A Voyage Toward Interdisciplinarity 4. The Ghost of Aristotle: An Influence Across Two Millennia 5. Early Artificial Neurons and the Beginnings of Artificial Intelligence 6. Liberating Philosophy: The Empiricists 7. Canterbury: The First Machines 8. Wittgenstein: A Brief Interlude 9. The WISARD Years: Machines with No Mind 10. Starting the Week with Consciousness 11. MAGNUS in South Kensington and Pasadena 12. On Being Conscious: The Ego in the Machine Epilogue Further Reading
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