The nucleus basalis-neostriatum complex in the goose (Anser anser L.)
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Bibliographic Information
The nucleus basalis-neostriatum complex in the goose (Anser anser L.)
（Advances in anatomy, embryology and cell biology, v. 96）
Springer-Verlag, c1985
- Germany
- U.S.
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Description and Table of Contents
Description
In birds, the beak is the most important organ for manipulative actions: its manipulative capabilities vary as much as those of the forepaws and snouts of mammals. For the peripheral parts and at brainstem levels, the sensorimotor circuit of the avian oral region is roughly similar to the mammalian, but is strikingly different at higher levels of the central nervous system (CNS) (Ariens- Kappers et al. 1936). Our field of interest is the organization of the telencephalic areas involved in the manipulative actions of the bill. The goose was chosen as a subject because of the extensive development of the tactile system of the oral region. The mechanoreceptors in the lower and upper beak are innervated by the trigeminal nerve (Cords 1904; Berkhoudt 1980), while the tongue is innervated by branches of the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves (Cords 1904). In the ganglion semilunare, the perikarya of the fibers of the trigeminal nerve are separated into a distinct ophthalmic population, and two mutually overlap- ping maxillary and mandibulary populations (Dubbeldam and Veenman 1978; Noden 1980).
In duck and cockatoo both the glossopharyngeal nerve and trige- minal nerve relay in the metencephalic principal sensory nucleus of the trige- minal nerve (PrV) (Dubbeldam et al. 1979; Dubbeldam 1980; Wild 1981). In PrY the three trigeminal branches are represented in an overlapping dorsoventral sequence (Zeigler and Witkovsky 1968; Dubbeldam and Karten 1978).
Table of Contents
1 Introduction.- 2 Material and Methods.- 2.1 Procedures for HRP Material.- 2.2 Procedures for Golgi Material.- 2.3 Additional Histological Material.- 3 Results.- 3.1 General Remarks on HRP Experiments.- 3.2 Vertical Connections of the Neostriatum Frontale.- 3.2.1 HRP Injections into the Neostriatum Frontale.- 3.2.2 HRP Injections into the Nucleus Basalis.- 3.2.3 HRP Injections into the Hyperstriatum Ventrale.- 3.2.4 HRP Injection into the Hyperstriatum Dorsale.- 3.2.5 Summary.- 3.3 Long Efferents from the Neostriatum Frontale.- 3.4 Long Afferents to the Neostriatum Frontale.- 3.4.1 Ipsilateral Hemisphere.- 3.4.2 Contralateral Hemisphere.- 3.5 Morphology and Arrangement of Neuronal Elements in the Nucleus Basalis.- 3.5.1 General Observations.- 3.5.2 Quantitative Observations.- 3.5.3 Summary.- 3.6 Horizontal Connections of the Nucleus Basalis, Neostriatum Frontale, and Hyperstriatum Ventrale.- 3.6.1 Histological Material.- 3.6.2 HRP Material.- 3.6.3 HRP Injections into the Neostriatum Frontale.- 3.6.4 HRP Injections into the Nucleus Basalis.- 3.6.5 HRP Injections Hitting the Lamina Hyperstriatica.- 3.6.6 HRP Injections into the Hyperstriatum Ventrale.- 3.6.7 HRP Injection into the Hyperstriatum Dorsale.- 3.6.8 Summary.- 4 Discussion.- 4.1 Vertical Connections and Long Efferents of the Neostriatum Frontale.- 4.1.1 Anatomy.- 4.1.2 Functional Considerations.- 4.1.3 Comparison with Mammals.- 4.2 Long Afferents to the Neostriatum Frontale.- 4.2.1 Summary of Results.- 4.2.2 Hyperstriatum Accessorium.- 4.2.3 Tractus Archistriatalis Dorsalis.- 4.2.4 Neostriatum Caudale Laterale.- 4.2.5 Archistriatum.- 4.2.6 Hyperstriatum Dorsale.- 4.2.7 Conclusions.- 4.2.8 Comparison with Mammals.- 4.3 Morphology and Arrangement of the Neuronal Elements in the Nucleus Basalis.- 4.3.1 Morphology.- 4.3.2 Arrangement.- 4.3.3 Models of Functions.- 4.3.4 Comparison with Mammals.- 4.4 Horizontal Connections of the Nucleus Basalis, Neostriatum Frontale, and Hyperstriatum Ventrale.- 4.4.1 Horizontal Connectivity Within the Neostriatum Frontale.- 4.4.2 Horizontal Connectivity Within the Nucleus Basalis, Lamina Hyperstriatica, and Hyperstriatum Ventrale.- 4.4.3 Comparison with Mammals.- 4.5 Concluding Remarks.- 5 Summary.- Acknowledgements.- References.
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