Human life and the natural world : readings in the history of Western philosophy
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Human life and the natural world : readings in the history of Western philosophy
Broadview Press, c1997
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Description and Table of Contents
Description
Human concern over the urgency of current environmental issues increasingly entails wide-ranging discussions of how we may rethink the relationship between humans and the rest of the natural world. In order to provide a context for such discussions this anthology provides a selection of some of the most important, interesting and influential readings on the subject from classical times through to the late nineteenth century. Included are such figures as Xenophon, Plato, Aristotle, Hildegard of Bingen, St Francis of Assisi, Bacon, Descartes, Kant, Mill, Emerson and Thoreau. As the collection as a whole amply demonstrates, the history of western philosophical accounts of nature can help us to better understand current attitudes and problems. Human Life and the Natural World may also be of interest to a broad range of philosophers and students of philosophy, and more generally to those with a concern for the environment that engages the intellect as well as the heart.
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
I. The Ancient World
Xenophon
Memorobilia 4.3
Plato
Timaeus and Critias
Aristotle
Physics, On the Soul, and Politics
Cicero
On the Nature of the Gods
Porphyry
On Abstaining from Animals
II. Faith and Nature
Genesis
St. Augustine
Sermon 241: "On the Resurrection of Bodies, against the Pagans
Hildegard of Bingen
The book of Divine works and The Book of the Rewards of Life
St. Francis of Assisi
Celano: The First Life of St. Francis
St Bonaventure: Major Life of St. Francis
St. Thomas Aquinas
Summa Contra Gentiles and Summa Theologica
III. Modernity, Mechanism, and the New Science
Francis Bacon
The New Organon
Rene Descartes
Discourse on Method
Baruch Spinoza
Letter 32, Spinoza to Henry Oldenburg
John Ray
The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Creation
John Locke
Second Treatise of Government
IV. Order, Hierarchy and Struggle
Carolus Linnaeus
The Economy of Power
Immanuel Kant
Lectures on Ethics and Critique of Judgment
T.R. Malthus
An Essay on Population as It Affects the future Improvement of Society
William Godwin
On Population
Priscilla Wakefield
Instinct Displayed in a Collection of Well-Authenticated Facts, Exemplifying the Extraordinary Sagacity of Various Species of the Animal Creation
Charles Darwin
On the Origin of Species and The Descent of Man
V. Transforming Nature: Progress or Ruin?
John Stuart Mill
Nature and Whewell on Moral Philosophy
George Perkins Marsh
The Earth as Modified by Human Action: A Last Revision of "Man and Nature"
Friedrich Engels
"The Part Played by Labor in the Transition from Ape to Man"
VI. Living With Nature
Jean Jacques Rousseau
The Reveries of a Solitary Walker
Ralph Waldo Emerson
"Nature"
Henry David Thoreau
"Walking"
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