Glow discharge plasmas in analytical spectroscopy
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書誌事項
Glow discharge plasmas in analytical spectroscopy
Wiley, c2003
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Glow discharge devices have been utilized as spectrochemical sources for over one hundred years, dating back to the earliest studies of atomic structures. It has only been during the last 40 years that they have been employed in the arena of chemical analysis. Glow Discharge Plasmas in Analytical Spectroscopy presents the state of the art in the use of these devices across a wide range of applications, including materials science, environmental analysis, and bioanalytical chemistry. Glow discharge devices are well known for their application in direct solids elemental analysis of metals and alloys by optical and mass spectrometries. These basic capabilities have been extended to the analysis of non-conducting materials such as glass and ceramics and the depth resolved analysis of all kinds of technical materials.
This multi-author, edited volume includes chapters which deal with both basic and highly complex applications. Glow discharge devices are now being used in very novel ways for the analysis of liquids and gases, including molecular species detection and identification, an area that was beyond the perceived scope of applicability just ten years ago. It is expected that the next decade will see a growth in the interest and application of glow discharge devices far surpassing the expectations of the last century.
目次
Preface xi
List of Contributors xiii
1 Introduction 1
R. K. Marcus and J. A. C. Broekaert
1.1 Rationale 1
1.2 Glow Discharge Devices: Basic Operating Principles 3
1.3 Glow Discharge Devices: Scope of Application 6
1.4 Volume Outline 7
1.5 References 12
2 Optical Emission Spectrometry with Glow Discharges 15
J. A. C. Broekaert
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Glow Discharges 16
2.3 Atomic Emission Spectrometry 36
2.4 Material Ablation 49
2.5 Analyses with Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry 55
2.6 Other Methods of Analysis and Outlook 63
2.7 References 67
3 Mass Spectrometry of Glow Discharges 71
W. W. Harrison, C. Yang and E. Oxley
3.1 Introduction 71
3.2 Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry 75
3.3 Instrumentation 82
3.4 Qualitative Considerations 91
3.5 Quantitative Analysis 92
3.6 Conclusions 95
3.7 References 95
4 Radio Frequency Glow Discharges 97
R. K. Marcus
4.1 Introduction 97
4.2 Radio Frequency Glow Discharge (rf-GD) Operation Principles 99
4.3 Comparisons with dc-Powered Glow Discharge Sources 101
4.4 Instrumentation 106
4.5 Analytical Applications 112
4.6 Summary 136
4.7 References 136
5 Depth Profile Analysis 141
A. Bengtson
5.1 Introduction 141
5.2 Instrumentation 142
5.3 Practical Aspects and Results 144
5.4 Conclusions 153
5.5 References 154
6 Numerical Modeling of Analytical Glow Discharges 155
A. Bogaerts and R. Gijbels
6.1 Introduction 155
6.2 Description of the Models 157
6.3 Results and Discussion 170
6.4 Conclusion 202
6.5 References 203
7 Application of Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry in the Steel Industry 207
K. Kakita
7.1 Introduction 207
7.2 Measurement Traceability of Coating Weight and Chemical Composition by GD-OES 208
7.3 Method of Coating Analysis by GD-OES 209
7.4 Depth Profiles of Coatings by GD-OES 213
7.5 Factors Affecting Depth Profiles 217
7.6 Validation and Verification of Calibration Graphs 225
7.7 References 229
8 Surfaces, Thin Films and Coatings 231
R. Payling, P. Chapon, K. Shimizu, R. Passetemps, A. Jadin, Y. Bourgeois, K. Crener, M. Aeberhard and J. Michler
8.1 Introduction 231
8.2 Surfaces 232
8.3 Thin Films 238
8.4 Coatings 243
8.5 Conclusions 251
8.6 Acknowledgements 251
8.7 References 251
9 Comparison of Glow Discharge Atomic Spectrometry with Other Surface Analysis Methods 253
K. Wagatsuma
9.1 Introduction 253
9.2 Surface Analysis Methods Competitive with Glow Discharge Spectrometry 256
9.3 Analytical Examples 263
9.4 References 272
10 Analysis of Samples of Nuclear Concern with Glow Discharge Atomic Spectrometry 273
M. Betti
10.1 Introduction 273
10.2 Instrumentation 274
10.3 Practical Aspects and Results 277
10.4 Conclusions 288
10.5 Acknowledgements 289
10.6 References 290
11 Analysis of Nonconducting Materials by dc Glow Discharge Spectrometry 293
A. Bogaerts, W. Schelles and R. Van Grieken
11.1 Introduction 293
11.2 Use of a Conducting Host Matrix 294
11.3 Use of a Conducting Secondary Cathode 301
11.4 Conclusion 311
11.5 References 314
12 Standards and Reference Materials for Glow Discharge Spectroscopies 317
M. R. Winchester
12.1 Introduction 317
12.2 Practical Aspects 318
12.3 Conclusions 331
12.4 References 332
13 Analysis of Liquid Samples Using Glow Discharge Spectroscopies 335
R. K. Marcus
13.1 Introduction 335
13.2 Instrumentation 336
13.3 Practical Aspects and Applications 341
13.4 References 360
14 GC Speciation with GDMS Detection 363
J. A. Caruso and L. Milstein
14.1 Introduction 363
14.2 Elemental Speciation 364
14.3 Instrumentation 364
14.4 Practical Aspects and Results 370
14.5 Conclusions 378
14.6 References 379
15 Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry for the Analysis of Gases and as an Alternative Gas Chromatographic Detector 381
R. Pereiro, N. G. Orellana-Velado and A. Sanz-Medel
15.1 Introduction 381
15.2 Instrumentation for the Analysis of Gases and Gas Chromatographic Detection by GD-AES 386
15.3 Practical Aspects and Results 392
15.4 Conclusions 399
15.5 References 399
16 Low-pressure Inductively Coupled Plasmas 401
H. Evans
16.1 Introduction 401
16.2 Fundamentals 403
16.3 Instrumentation 407
16.4 Practical Aspects and Results 416
16.5 Conclusions 430
16.6 References 430
17 Multidimensional Ionization Sources for Plasma-source Mass Spectrometry 435
J. P. Guzowski, Jr and G. M. Hieftje
17.1 Introduction 435
17.2 Tandem Sources in PSMS 437
17.3 Multipurpose Ionization Sources for PSMS 441
17.4 Conclusions 463
17.5 Acknowledgments 463
17.6 References 464
Index 469
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