The history of the Jews in the Netherlands

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Bibliographic Information

The history of the Jews in the Netherlands

edited by J.C.H. Blom, R.G. Fuks-Mansfeld ; translated by Arnold J. Pomerans and Erica Pomerans

（The Littman library of Jewish civilization）

Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2002

Other Title

Geschiedenis der Joden in Nederland

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Note

Originally published: Amsterdam : Uitgeverij Balans, c1996

Includes bibliographical references (p. [441]-480) and index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

This history of the Jews of the Netherlands and the role they have played in Dutch society was originally published in Dutch and widely acclaimed for the breadth of its coverage. It covers both the internal evolution of the Jewish community and its social, cultural, and economic interaction with the wider population. From the first Jewish settlements in the medieval duchies of Gelderland, Brabant, and Limburg to the Jewish community of today, the interaction between Dutch Jews and Dutch Christians has mostly been one of fruitful collaboration which only the period of German occupation from 1940 to 1945 was seriously able to disrupt. The contribution that Dutch Jews have made, and continue to make, to cultural life, to the economy, and to science is recognized as being of central importance to the Netherlands as a whole. The ten eminent scholars contributing to this book each describe Jewish life in a particular period, from the Middle Ages to the present. In doing so they consider the strains caused within the Jewish community by the effort to play a full part in Dutch society while maintaining Jewish culture, setting the discussion in the context of trends and tensions within Dutch society in the period in question. The circumstances of the Jews under German occupation and in the immediate post-war period are also discussed. The History of the Jews in the Netherlands is a definitive, indispensable work for the study of both European Jewish and Dutch history. CONTRIBUTORS J. C. H. Blom, F. Chaya Brasz, Joel J. Cahen, Renate G. Fuks-Mansfeld, Jonathan I. Israel, Yosef Kaplan, Peter Romijn, Ivo Schoeffer, B. M. J. Speet, Daniel M. Swetschinski

Table of Contents

List of illustrationsEditorial noteList of abbreviations Introduction IVO SCHOEFFER 1. The Middle Ages B. M. J. SPEETFirst Signs of a Jewish Presence The Northern Netherlands Violent Persecution Gelderland in the Fifteenth Century Discrimination and Expulsion The Christian Origins of Antisemitism Fresh Accusations In Search of an Explanation 2. Between the Middle Ages and the Golden Age, 1516-1621 DANIEL M. SWETSCHINSKIJews in the Holy Roman Empire The Iberian Background Portuguese New Christians in Antwerp The Attitude of Humanists and Reformers to Jews and Judaism The Toleration Debate and the Jews Portuguese New Christians in Holland Four Christian Views of Jews The Growth of the Sephardi Colony in Amsterdam The Future Still Uncertain 3. The Republic of the United Netherlands until about 1750: Demography and Economic Activity JONATHAN I. ISRAELThe Early Decades, 1595-1648 Expansion and Colonization The Burgeoning of Commerce and of the Credit System, 1648-1713 Growing Population Figures During the Period of Economic Decline, 1713-1750 4. The Jews in the Republic until about 1750: Religious, Cultural, and Social Life YOSEF KAPLANThe Organization of the Community Three Congregations The Influx of Paupers The Power of the Mahamad New Synagogues Sephardim and Ashkenazim outside Amsterdam Religious Life: Tradition and Change A Good Education Ashkenazi Life Jewish Printers in Amsterdam The Shabbatean Movement in Amsterdam Influential Rabbis Culture and Secular Creativity Literature and the Stage Everyday Life Ideological Conflicts Relations between Jews and Christians Jewish Stereotypes 5. Enlightenment and Emancipation, c.1750-1814 RENATE G. FUKS-MANSFELDGood Citizens Demographic Changes and Emigration Economic Changes The Administration of the Jewish Communities Administrative Changes after 1796 Religious and Cultural Life 6. Arduous Adaptation, 1814-1870 RENATE G. FUKS-MANSFELDThe Government and the Jews Education The Reorganization of the Jewish Communities after 1848 The Government and Jews under Threat Abroad Dutch Jews as Citizens Economic and Social Changes The Attitude of Protestants and Catholics towards Jews Cultural and Religious Trends Reactions to the New Jewish Fellow-Citizens 7. Jewish Netherlanders, Netherlands Jews, and Jews in the Netherlands, 1870-1940 J. C. H. BLOM and JOEL J. CAHENDemography Occupations, Economic Role, and Poverty Religious Life, (Sub)culture, and Pillarization Assimilation, Integration, and Antisemitism Solidarity with International Jewry and Zionism Refugees from Germany Jews in the Dutch Colonies Jew and Netherlander 8. The War, 1940-1945 PETER ROMIJNThe German Invasion * Registration Segregation New Regulations Outlaws Deportations and the Yellow Star Forced Removal and Labour Camps Organization and Selection Flight, Going into Hiding, and Resistance The Transit Camps Deportation and Murder Conclusion 9. After the Second World War: From Religious Community to Cultural Minority F. CHAYA BRASZThe First Few Months The Jewish Co-ordination Committee Antisemitism Religious Congregations Migration The Struggle for the Jewish War Orphans The Purges Jews in Modern Dutch Society after 1950 Numbers and Distribution A Cultural Minority Religious Developments The Colonies Jews and Christians Zionism Middle East Policy The Holocaust Epilogue Bibliographical essaysBibliographyNotes on contributorsIndex of namesGeneral Index

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