Complex problems, negotiated solutions : tools to reduce conflict in community development
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Bibliographic Information
Complex problems, negotiated solutions : tools to reduce conflict in community development
ITDG Publishing, 2001
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Note
Includes bibliographical references (p. [147]-149)
Description and Table of Contents
Description
The pace of change for many rural communities across the developing world is exponential. New technology, economic globalization, finite natural resources, political realities and cultural erosion can together represent change of such magnitude and shock that it overwhelms the capacity of civil society, government and business to adapt, leading to dysfunctional institutions, disputes and inter-personal conflict. This book suggests strategies, principles and tools to reduce development-induced disputes and inter-personal conflict as obstacles to achieving sustainable rural livelihoods. Consensual win-win negotiation is promoted as the preferred strategy, but set firmly within the context of the alternatives. The importance of conflict management processes that fit with local customary and legal approaches is stressed. The book provides a way to systematize the complexity of conflict situations in rural environments, offering a guide to designing practical conflict mitigation and prevention strategies. The key principles and tools of consensual negotiation are described, illustrated with examples from around the developing world.
To enhance its utility for practitioners, over 20 group and individual exercises have been included, enabling the book to be used for training purposes. This book should attract anyone from civil society, government, business or the donor community interested in learning something of the art of brokering negotiated solutions to the conflicts and complexities of rural environments. Case studies used in the book include a South Pacific project (coastal zone management planning, and coral farming); a conflict management consultancy in Bolivia (disputes between two NGOs, involving a road block); recent FAO Community Forestry Unit case-studies on natural resource conflict (Latin America, India); conflict analysis work in rural Zambia (wildlife vs community conflicts); natural resources management and community forestry in India.
Table of Contents
- 1 Introduction 1
- Who is this book for? 1
- Participation and sustainable livelihoods 1
- Preventing, coping with and recovering from violent conflict 8
- Project cycle management 9
- The structure of the book 1 2
- How to use this book 1 3
- 2 Conflict management 14
- What is conflict? 1 4
- Conflict and rural livelihood projects 1 5
- Types of conflict 1 6
- Conflict escalation 2 1
- Conflict management strategies 2 1
- Choosing the most practicable strategy 3 0
- 3 What is consensus building? 32
- Relevance to livelihood projects 3 2
- Relevance to peace building 3 2
- Goal of consensus building 3 3
- Effectiveness of consensus building 3 4
- Best alternative to a negotiated agreement 3 5
- Consensus building back in context 3 6
- 4 Principles of consensus building 37
- Accommodate cultural differences 3 7
- Acknowledge perceptions 4 0
- Ensure good communications 4 0
- Create a level playing field 4 1
- Build and maintain rapport 4 3
- Focus on satisfying underlying motivations 4 3
- Widen the options 4 4
- Clarify underlying motivations and options 4 7
- Achieve mutual gains 5 0
- Test the agreement for feasibility 5 1
- i v
- 5 Process of consensus building 52
- 6 Office-based conflict analysis 54
- Initial conflict mapping 5 5
- Spatial conflict mapping 5 7
- Prioritization of conflicts 5 8
- Stakeholder identification 6 0
- Underlying motivations 6 2
- 7 Provisional conflict-management plan 68
- Elements of the plan 6 8
- Example 1: Tourist guesthouse in Papua New Guinea 7 0
- Example 2: Agroforestry project in Bolivia 7 0
- 8 Participatory conflict analysis 73
- Leaving the situation alone 7 3
- Initial participatory conflict analysis 7 3
- Clarification 7 4
- Building on customary, institutional and legal mechanisms 7 8
- Revised conflict-management plan 8 3
- 9 The conflict analysis framework 85
- Goal of the conflict analysis framework 8 5
- Community action proposals 9 0
- The Zambian context 9 1
- Lessons 9 1
- 10 Capacity building 93
- 11 Consensual negotiation 95
- Direct negotiations 9 5
- Facilitated negotiations 9 6
- Process of consensual negotiation 9 7
- 12 Facilitation 101
- Functions of a facilitator 101
- Ethics of facilitation 102
- 13 Workshop design and methods 104
- Workshop methods 106
- 14 Managing difficult people 108
- A strategy for managing difficult people 108
- v
- 15 Consensual negotiation tools 111
- Tools for building trust 111
- Tools for revealing underlying motivations and interests 113
- Tools for widening and prioritizing options 114
- Tools for reaching agreement 120
- Appendices
- 1 Briefing notes for Training Exercise 4.6
- (Orange negotiations) 125
- 2 Briefing notes for Training Exercise 4.7
- (Mining and wildlife reserve) 128
- 3 Briefing notes for Training Exercise 11.1
- (Coralbay Coastal Resource Management Project) 130
- 4 Briefing notes for Training Exercise 11.1
- (Tukubu Conservation Area) 139
- References 147
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