Customs and excise : trade, production, and consumption in England, 1640-1845

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書誌事項

Customs and excise : trade, production, and consumption in England, 1640-1845

William J. Ashworth

Oxford University Press, 2003

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注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Asis book traces the growth of customs and excise, and their integral role in shaping the framework of industrial England; including state power, technical advance, and the evolution of a consumer society. Central to this structure was the development of two economies - one legal and one illicit. If there was a unique English pathway of industrialization, it was less a distinct entrepreneurial and techno-centric culture, than one predominantly defined within an institutional framework spearheaded by the excise and a wall of tariffs. This process reached its peak by the end of the 1770s. The structure then quickly started to crumble under the weight of the fiscal-military state, and Pitt's calculated policy of concentrating industrial policy around cotton, potteries, and iron - at the expense of other taxed industries. The breakthrough of the new political economy was the erosion of the illicit economy; the smugglers' free trade now became the state's most powerful weapon in the war against non-legal trade. If at the beginning of the period covered by this book state administration was predominantly deregulated and industry regulated, by the close the reverse was the case.

目次

  • Abbreviations
  • Acknowledgements
  • Introduction
  • PART I: CONSUMING THE PEOPLE
  • 1. The Emergence of Public Credit: War, Revenue, and High Politics
  • 2. The "Consumptibility" of Goods: Customs, Excise, and Trade
  • 3. The Equitable Tax?
  • 4. Liberty, Property, and the Excise
  • PART II: THE "DEVIL'S REMEDY"
  • 5. Delusion? Public Credit, Trust, and the Excise
  • 6. The Introduction of the Excise
  • 7. "His leering eyes gives such a look": The World of Excise
  • PART III: AN IMPOLITE AND COMMERCIAL PEOPLE - THE COMMON ECONOMY
  • 8. Life on the Waterfront
  • 9. Pilfering, Custom Fees, and Renumeration
  • 10. Smuggling
  • 11. Free Trade, Transport, and Concealment
  • PART IV: EXCISE, FRAUD, AND PRODUCTION
  • 12. Drink and Food
  • 13. Candles, Soap, Salt, Starch, Leather, Paper, Textiles, and Glass
  • PART V: SHAPING AND REGULATING THE MARKET
  • 14. Measurement, Instrumentation, and Alcohol Standards
  • 15. Revenue, Metrology, and Casks
  • 16. The Incarceration, Adulteration, and Policing of Taxed Goods
  • PART VI: DISMANTLING THE FISCAL-MILITARY STATE
  • 17. The Limits of Taxation and the Politics of Representation
  • 18. Revenue, "Old Corruption", and Manufacturing Interests
  • 19. "Simplicity, Uniformity, and Perspicuity"
  • 20. "The Calcio Millennium"
  • Index

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