Radiation hazard in space
著者
書誌事項
Radiation hazard in space
（Astrophysics and space science library, v. 297）
Kluwer Academic Publishers, c2003
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (211-228 p.)
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The mono graph contains 8 chapters, and their contents cover all principal aspects of the problem: 1. Introduction and brief his tory ofthe radiation problem and background information ofradiation hazard in the near-Earth and interplanetary space. 2. General description of radiation conditions and main sources of charged partic1es in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, effects of space environment on spacecraft. 3. Basic information about physical conditions in space and main sources of charged particles in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, in the context of "Space W eather" monitoring and prediction. 4. Trapped radiation belts of the Earth (ERB): theory of their origin, spatial and temporal dynamics, and experimental and statistical models. 5. Galactic cosmic rays (GCR): variations of energetic, temporal and spatial characteristics, long-term modulation, and anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) component, modeling oftheir dynamics. 6. Production of energetic particles (SEPs) at/ne ar the Sun: available databases, acceleration, propagation, and prediction of individual SEP event, statistical models of solar cosmic rays (SCR). 7. Existing empirical techniques of estimating, prediction and modeling of radiation hazard, methodical approaches and constraints, some questions of changes in the Earth's radiation environment due to changes of the solar activity level. 8. Unresolved problems of radiation hazard prediction and spacecraft protection, radiation experiments on board the spacecraft, estimating of radiation conditions during interplanetary missions. Space does not allow us to explain every time the solar-terrestrial and radiation physics nomencIature used in current English-language literature.
目次
Preface.
1: Introduction and Brief History. 1.1. Space Radiation Environment. 1.2. Identification of Radiation Hazard. 1.3. Multilevel Nature of the Problem. 1.4. Recent Developments. 1.5. General Picture of Radiation Disturbance.
2: Radiation Conditions in Space. 2.1. Character of Radiation Influence. 2.2. Main Concepts, Definitions and Terms. 2.3. Objects of Radiation Impact. 2.4. Dynamics of Radiation Dose. 2.5. Extreme Radiation Conditions. 2.6. Super-Events in the Heliosphere.
3: Physical Conditions in Space. 3.1. Solar Activity and Heliomagnetosphere. 3.2. Properties of Interplanetary Medium. 3.3. Motion of Energetic Particles in Space. 3.4. Regular Geomagnetic Field and Anomalies. 3.5. Disturbances of the Earth's Radiation Environment. 3.6. Space Weather Systems and Standards.
4: Radiation Belts of the Earth. 4.1. Radiation Characteristics of Trapped Particles. 4.2. Peculiarities of the Radiation Belts Formation. 4.3. Spatial Distribution of Charged Particles. 4.4. Model description of radiation impact. 4.5. Temporal variations in the solar activity cycle.
5: Dynamics of Galactic Cosmic Rays. 5.1. Element Composition and Energy Spectrum. 5.2. Anomalous Component and Long-Term Modulation. 5.3. Model description of particle spectrum. 5.4. Modeling Galactic Cosmic Ray Background. 5.5. Cosmic Radiation Dose to Aircrews and Avionics.
6: Cosmic Rays of Solar Origin. 6.1. Modern Concept of Solar Proton Events. 6.2. Classification Systems. 6.3. Solar Event Databases. 6.4. Energy Spectrum, and Occurrence Rate. 6.5. Variations of Particle Intensity in Solar Cycle.
7: Prediction and Modeling Radiation Hazard. 7.1. Methodical Approaches and Constraints. 7.2. Prediction of Solar Particle Flux. 7.3. Prediction Heavy Ion Fluxes and Anomalous Events. 7.4. Relativistic Protons in Prediction Schemes. 7.5. Probability Techniques and Models. 7.6. Models of Proton Fluence at Large Time Scale.
8: Summary: Problems and Prospects. 8.1. Shock Acceleration and Radiation Prediction. 8.2. Radiation Hazard at Different Heliospheric Distances. 8.3. New Model for Solar Cosmic Rays. 8.4. Scenarios of Future Interplanetary Missions. 8.5. Space Experiments on Radiation Effects. 8.6. Radiation Conditions on Board the International Space Station. 8.7. Matters Arising and Concluding Remarks. Bibliography.
Appendices: A.1. Definitions. A.2. Quantities and Units. A.3. Acronyms. A.4. Cosmic Rays in the Earth's Atmosphere.
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