内容説明
Questionnaires are one of the principal research tools for discovering people's thoughts, experience, attitudes and orientations to future action. Social scientists and researchers have been using questionnaires systematically for about three quarters of a century, since market research, opinion polling and survey research became a feature in both US and UK society in the 1920s and 30s.
This unrivalled collection provides the most complete resource of material about questionnaires.
The first volume provides an introduction to the use of questionnaires. It examines the principles of question construction, considers different types of questionnaire, principles of social measurement and the relationship between expressed attitudes, and actual social behaviour.
The second volume covers the main types of questionnaire and question construction. Included here is material on question order, question wording and response alternatives. The measurement of attitudes is examined.
The third volume focuses on how to handle sensitive questons, problems of validity, the extent to which researchers succeed in measuring what they want to measure, and the relationship between the tools which they use and the underlying theoretical constructs.
The fourth volume, on Surveys in the World, brings together the best material on memory and recall, truth-telling issues and how respondents comprehend basic questions. The advent of the computer programmed questionnaire is examined.
The collection represents a distillation of the world's best material on questions and questionnaires in social surveys.
Martin Bulmer is Professor of Sociology at the University of Surrey and co-director of its Institute of Social Research.
目次
VOLUME ONE
Editor's Introduction
Questionnaires - An Overview
PART ONE: ORIENTATION
PART ONE: GENERAL
Asking and Answering - David Reisman and Mark Benney
Why Ask? - Jerry R Hobbs and Jane J Robinson
What's in a Question? - Jacob Shamir, Neta Ziskind and Shoshana Blum-Kulka
A Content Analysis of Survey Questions
The Formulation of Questions - Robert L Kahn and Charles F Cannell
Interviews versus Questionnaires - Frank K Gibson and Brett W Hawkings
Comparisons of Interviews with Questionnaires for Measuring Mothers' Attitudes toward Sex and Aggression - Robert R Sears
Effects of Questionnaire Design on the Quality of Survey Data - Maria Elena Sanchez
Asking the Age Question - Robert A Peterson
A Research Note
Checks to Ensure that Questions Work as Intended - William Foddy
SECTION TWO: OPEN AND CLOSED
Who Left It Open? - Stanley L Payne
A Description of the Free-Answer Question and its Demerits
The Controversy Over Detailed Interviews - Paul F Lazarsfeld
An Offer for Negotiation
Strong Arguments and Weak Evidence - Jean M Converse
The Open/Closed Questioning Controversy of the 1940s
The Open and Closed Question - Howard Schuman and Stanley Presser
Two Problems in the Use of the Open Question - Albert A Campbell
Polling, Open Interviewing and the Problem of Interpretation - Angus Campbell
SECTION THREE: OPINIONS AND ATTITUDES
Attitudes versus Actions - Richard T LaPiere
Problems in the Use of the Survey Questions to Measure Public Opinion - Howard Schuman and Jacqueline Scott
The Meaning of Opinion - David Riesman and Nathan Glazer
No Opinion, Don't Know and Maybe No Answer - Leo Bogart
SECTION FOUR: MEASUREMENT
The Measurement of Social Attitudes - L L Thurstone
Vague Quantifiers - Norman M Bradburn and Carrie Miles
Teaching Data Collection in Social Survey Research - George W Brown
How Comparative Is Comparative Research? - Roger Jowell
The In-Depth Testing of Survey Questions - William Foddy
A Critical Appraisal of Methods
Bringing Partiality to Light - G[UM]un R Semin and Christianne J De Poot
Question Wording and Choice as Indicators Of Bias
VOLUME TWO
PART TWO: QUESTION CONSTRUCTION
Experimental Evidence on Question Design - Jean M Converse and Stanley Presser
The Quintamensional Plan of Question Design - George Gallup
Experiments in the Wording of Questions - Hadley Cantril and S S Wilks
Does the Question Form Influence Public Opinion Poll Results? - Albert B Blankenship
Consumer and Opinion Research - Sydney Roslow, Wallace H Wulfech and Philip G Corby
Experimental Studies on the Form of the Question
How Interviewer Effects Operate Through Question Form - Herbert Stember and Herbert Hyman
The Effect of Question Order on Responses - Norman M Bradburn and William M Mason
Effects of Question Order on Survey Responses - Sam G Mcfarland
Question Order and Fair Play - Frederick O Lorenz, John Saltiel and Danny R Hoyt
Evidence of Even-Handedness in Rural Surveys
It Was Party Identification All Along - Anthony Heath and Roy Pierce
Question Order Effects on Reports of Party Identification in Britain
Question-Order Effects on Presidential Popularity - Lee Sigelman
Measuring Levels of Party Identification - Ian McAllister and Martin P Wattenburg
Does Question Order Matter?
Measuring the Third-Person Effect of News - Vincent Price and David Tewksbury
The Impact of Question Order, Contrast and Knowledge
Impact of Question Order on Third-Person Effect - Michel Dupagne, Michael B Salwen and Bryant Paul
Question Order Effects on Subjective Measures of Quality of Life - Fern K Willits and John Saltiel
Part-Whole Question Order Effects - Fern K Willits and Bin Ke
Views of Rurality
Question Wording and Reports of Survey Results - Jon A Krosnick
The Case of Louis Harris and Associates and Aetna Life and Casualty
Question Wording and Public Support for Contra Aid, 1983-1986 - Brad Lockerbie and Stephen A Borrelli
Wanted - Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
Rules for Wording Structured Questionnaires
Symbols in Survey Questions - Joan Flynn Fee
Solving the Problems of Multiple Word Meanings
The Measurement of a Middle Position in Attitude Surveys - Stanley Presser and Howard Schuman
The Effects of Offering a Middle Response Option with Opinion Questions - G Kalton, Julie Roberts and D Holt
Experiments with the Middle Response Alternative in Survey Questions - George F Bishop
Asking Comparative Questions - Michaela W[um]anke, Norbert Schwarz and Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
The Impact of the Direction of Comparison
The Acquiescence Quagmire - Howard Schuman and Stanley Presser
Measuring Attitudes - William Foddy
VOLUME THREE
PART THREE: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
SECTION ONE: SENSITIVE QUESTIONS
Asking the Embarrassing Question - Allen H Barton
The Use of Leading Questions in Non-Schedule Interviews - Stephen A Richardson
A Use for Leading Questions in Research Interviewing - Barbara Snell Dohrenwend and Stephen A Richardson
How to Ask Questions about Drinking and Sex - Ed Blair, Seymour Sudman, Norman M Bradburn and Carol Stocking
Response Effects in Measuring Consumer Behavior
Reducing Refusal Rates in the Case of Threatening Questions - Hans-J Hippler and Gabriele Hippler
The `Door-in-the-Face' Technique
Question Threat and Response Bias - Norman M Bradburn, Seymour Sudman, Ed Blair and Carol Stocking
A Classification of Biased Questions - Eugene Litwak
Asking Sensitive Questions on Surveys - Raymond M Lee
SECTION TWO: FICTITIOUS QUESTIONS
May We Presume? - Stanley L Payne
A Lecture on Taking Too Much for Granted
Opinions on Fictitious Issues - George F Bishop, Alfred J Tuchfarber and Robert W Oldendick
The Pressure to Answer Survey Questions
SECTION THREE: VARIOUS DESIGN ISSUES
Context Effects on Survey Responses to Questions about Abortion - Howard Schuman, Stanley Presser and Jacob Ludwig
The Effect of Response Categories on Questionnaire Answers - Todd H Rockwood, Roberta L Sangster and Don A Dillman
Context and Mode Effects
Political Information Processing - George F Bishop, Robert W Oldendick and Alfred J Tuchfaber
Question Order and Context Effects
Equivalence of Questionnaire Items with Varying Response Formats - David A Frisbie and Dale C Brandenburg
Effects of Filter Questions in Public Opinion Surveys - George F Bishop, Robert W Oldendick and Alfred J Tuchfaber
The Yes-No Question Answering System and Statement Verification - M Michael Akiyama, William F Brewer and Edward J Shoben
Effects of Presenting One Versus Two Sides of an Issue in Survey Questions - George F Bishop, Robert W Oldendick and Alfred J Tuchfaber
An Application of Rasch Analysis to Questionnaire Design - Elizabeth A Martin, Pamela C Campanelli and Robert E Fay
Using Vignettes to Study the Meaning of `Work' in the Current Population Survey
Testimony Validity as a Function of Question Form, Atmosphere and Item Difficulty - Kent H Marquis, Jean Marshall and Stuart Oskamp
Attitudes and Non-Attitudes - Philip E Converse
Continuation of a Dialogue
PART FOUR: VALIDITY
Fixed-Choice Questionnaires - Aaron V Cicourel
Learning How To Ask - Charles L Briggs
Native Metacommunicative Competence and the Incompetence of Fieldworkers
Validity of Responses to Survey Questions - Hugh J Parry and Helen M Crossley
Has Racism Declined in America? It Depends on Who Is Asking and What Is Asked - John B McConahay, Betty B Hardee and Valerie Batts
The Random Probe - Howard Schuman
A Technique for Evaluating the Validity of Closed Questions
VOLUME FOUR
PART ONE: SURVEYS IN THE WORLD
Data Construction - Nicholas Bateson
Basic Concepts
SECTION ONE: MEMORY AND RECALL
The Limitations of Human Memory - Alan Baddeley
Implications for the Design of Retrospective Surveys
Retrospective Data in Survey Research - Peter Meneer
The Retrospective Question - Raymond Fink
Leading Questions and the Eye Witness Report - Elizabeth F Loftus
Since the Eruption of Mount St Helens, Has Anyone Beaten You Up? Improving the Accuracy of Retrospective Reports with Landmark Events - Elizabeth F Loftus and Wesley Marburger
My Memory - William A Wagenaar
A Study of Autobiographical Memory Over Six Years
SECTION TWO: STRIVING TO IMPROVE QUESTIONS AND QUESTIONNAIRES
Predicting Test-Retest Reliability From Behavior Coding - Jennifer Hess, Eleanor Singer and John Bushery
Latent Class Analysis of Survey Questions That Include Don't Know Responses - Lawrence F Feick
Monitoring Maternity Services by Postal Questionnaire - Claudia J Martin
Congruity Between Mothers' Reports and their Obstetric Records
New Quantitative Techniques for Pretesting Survey Questions - Charles Cannell, Floyd J Fowler, Graham Kalton, Lois Oksenberg and Katherine Bischoping
Pretesting in Questionnaire Design - Nina Reynolds, Adamantios Diamantopoulos and Bodo Schlegelmilch
A Review of the Literature and Suggestions for Further Research
An Empirical Evaluation of In-Depth Probes Used To Pretest Survey Questions - William Foddy
Improving Coding Reliability for Open-Ended Questions - Andrew C Montgomery and Kathleen S Crittenden
SECTION THREE: GRAPPLING WITH QUESTION DESIGN IN THE REAL WORLD
Diagnostics for Redesigning Survey Questionnaires - Elizabeth Martin and Anne E Polivka
Measuring Work in the Current Population Survey
Measurement in Subjective Health Assessment - Crispin Jenkinson, Martin Bardsley and Kate Lawrence
Themes and Prospects
Analysing Drug Abuse with British Crime Survey Data - Ziggy MacDonald and Stephen Pudney
Modelling and Questionnaire Design Issues
SECTION FOUR: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN A CHANGING WORLD
Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing in Survey Research - Jean Martin and Tony Manners
Technological Innovations in Data Collection - Edith de Leeuw and William Nicholls II
Acceptance, Data Quality and Costs
Web Survey Design and Administration - Mick P Couper, Michael W Traugott and Mark J Lamias
Navigating the Rapids of Change - Don A Dillman
Some Observations on Survey Methodology in the Early Twenty First Century
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