JDBC API tutorial and reference
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JDBC API tutorial and reference
（The Java series）
Addison-Wesley, c2003
3rd ed
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Description and Table of Contents
Description
This book provides the definitive tutorial and reference to the JDBC API, the technology that enables universal data access for the Java programming language. This new edition has been updated and expanded to cover the entire JDBC 3.0 API, including the java.sql package and the javax.sql package, the package that facilitates building server-side applications. Containing in-depth explanations that go beyond the specification, this complete resource pairs a step-by-step tutorial with a comprehensive reference to every class and interface. For those new to Java technology, the book includes an introduction to the Java programming language and to SQL. It builds on this basic knowledge to walk you through the creation of a JDBC application--from setting up a database and establishing a connection to retrieving values from result sets and using prepared statements. In addition, the authors provide many examples along the way that demonstrate how to execute common tasks.The book then turns to more advanced topics, focusing on features such as scrollable and updatable result sets, batch updates, SQL99 data types, custom mapping, savepoints, statement pooling, automatically generated keys, and more.
In addition to in-depth coverage of the JDBC metadata API, the book gives you the latest information on rowsets, the technology that makes it possible to handle data sets as JavaBeans components. As an added bonus, you get a preview of the standard implementations for JdbcRowSet, CachedRowSet, WebRowSet, JoinRowSet, and FilteredRowSet objects. From Array to XADataSource, an easy-to-use alphabetical reference provides concise but complete information on each class and interface in the JDBC API. Each entry includes an overview with usage examples as well as a comprehensive explanation of the methods and fields. A chapter on mapping SQL types and types in the Java programming language, an appendix for driver writers, a summary of the new features in the JDBC 2.0 and 3.0 APIs, and a glossary complete this indispensable resource for all database programmers.The Java Series is supported, endorsed, and authored by the creators of the Java technology at Sun Microsystems, Inc. It is the official place to go for complete, expert, and definitive information on Java technology.
The books in this Series provide the inside information you need to build effective, robust, and portable applications and applets. The Series is an indispensable resource for anyone targeting the Java 2 platform. 0321173848B05222003
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments.
PART ONE.
1. Introduction.
What the JDBC 3.0 API Includes.
Conventions Used in This Book.
Fonts to Indicate Function.
Icons to Indicate New Material.
Special Page Designations in the Index.
SQLException Is Implied in Method Explanations.
Some Method Explanations Are Combined.
Contents of the Book.
Part One.
Part Two.
Suggested Order for Reading Chapters.
Where to Find Information by Topic.
Resources on the Web.
What Is the JDBC API?
What Does the JDBC API Do?
A Base for Other APIs.
The JDBC API versus ODBC.
Two-tier and Three-tier Models.
SQL Conformance.
Products Based on JDBC Technology.
JDBC Product Framework.
JDBC Driver Types.
Obtaining JDBC Drivers.
Java-relational DBMSs.
Other Products.
The JDBC API and the Java Platforms.
The JDBC API and the J2SE Platform.
The JDBC API and the J2EE Platform.
The JDBC API and the J2ME Platform.
Java Overview.
Java Is Portable.
Java Is Object-oriented.
Java Makes It Easy to Write Correct Code.
Java Includes a Library of Classes and Interfaces.
Java Is Extensible.
Java Is Secure.
Java Performs Well.
Java Scales Well.
Java Is Multithreaded.
Relational Database Overview.
Integrity Rules.
SELECT Statements.
WHERE Clauses.
Joins.
Common SQL Commands.
Result Sets and Cursors.
Transactions.
Stored Procedures.
Metadata.
2. Basic Tutorial.
Getting Started.
Setting Up a Database.
Establishing a Connection.
Loading Drivers.
Making the Connection.
Setting Up Tables.
Creating a Table.
Creating JDBC Statements.
Executing Statements.
Entering Data into a Table.
Getting Data from a Table.
Retrieving Values from Result Sets.
Using the Method next.
Retrieving Column Values.
Using the Method getString.
Updating Tables.
Milestone: The Basics of JDBC.
Using Prepared Statements.
When to Use a PreparedStatement Object.
Creating a PreparedStatement Object.
Supplying Values for PreparedStatement Parameters.
Using a Loop to Set Values.
Return Values for the Method executeUpdate.
Using Joins.
Using Transactions.
Disabling Auto-commit Mode.
Committing a Transaction.
Using Transactions to Preserve Data Integrity.
When to Roll Back a Transaction.
Stored Procedures.
SQL Statements for Creating a Stored Procedure.
Calling a Stored Procedure Using the JDBC API.
Creating Complete JDBC Applications.
Putting Code in a Class Definition.
Importing Classes to Make Them Visible.
Using the main Method.
Using try and catch Blocks.
Retrieving Exceptions.
Retrieving Warnings.
Running the Sample Applications.
Sample Code.
Sample Code 1 and 2.
Sample Code 3 and 4.
Sample Code 5.
Sample Code 6.
Creating an Applet from an Application.
Writing Applet Code.
Running an Applet.
Sample Code 7 and 8.
Stored Procedures Using SQLJ and the JDBC API.
Creating a Stored Procedure.
Installing a Stored Procedure.
Declaring a Stored Procedure in SQL.
3. Advanced Tutorial.
Getting Set Up to Use the JDBC 2.0 and 3.0 API.
Setting Up to Run Code.
Using Code Examples.
Moving the Cursor in Scrollable Result Sets.
Creating a Scrollable Result Set.
Moving the Cursor Forward and Backward.
Moving the Cursor to a Designated Row.
Getting the Cursor Position.
Making Updates to Updatable Result Sets.
Creating an Updatable Result Set.
Updating a Result Set Programmatically.
Inserting and Deleting Rows Programmatically.
Sample Code 20.
Deleting a Row Programmatically.
Seeing Changes in Result Sets.
Getting the Most Recent Data.
Making Batch Updates.
Using Statement Objects for Batch Updates.
Batch Update Exceptions.
Sample Code 21.
SQL99 Data Types.
DISTINCT Type.
Using SQL99 Data Types.
Blob, Clob, and Array Objects.
Creating an SQL Structured Type.
Creating a DISTINCT Type.
Sample Code 22.
Using References to Structured Types.
Sample Code 23.
Using SQL99 Types as Column Values.
Sample Code 24.
Inserting SQL99 Types into a Table.
Sample Code 25.
Using Custom Mapping.
Implementing SQLData.
Using a Connection's Type Map.
Using Your Own Type Map.
Using a DataSource Object.
Using a DataSource Object to Get a Connection.
Deploying a Basic DataSource Object.
Deploying Other DataSource Implementations.
Getting and Using a Pooled Connection.
Sample Code 26.
Deployment for Distributed Transactions.
Using Connections for Distributed Transactions.
Sample Code 27.
JDBC 3.0 Functionality.
Using Savepoints.
Sample Code 28.
Using Automatically Generated Keys.
Sample Code 29.
4. MetaData Tutorial.
Using a ResultSetMetaData Object.
Using the Method getColumnCount.
Sample Code 9.
Using Other ResultSetMetaData Methods.
Getting Column Type Information.
Sample Code 10 and 11.
Sample Code 12.
Getting Other Information.
Using ResultSetMetaData Features.
Getting Other Information.
Using a DatabaseMetaData Object.
Categories of DatabaseMetaData Methods.
Methods That Return a String.
Methods That Return an int.
Methods That Return a boolean.
Methods That Return a ResultSet Object.
Sample Code 13.
Getting Information about DBMS Data Types.
Sample Code 14.
Getting Information about Primary and Foreign Keys.
Sample Code 15.
Sample Code 16.
Methods Added in the JDBC 2.0 Core API.
Getting Information about ResultSet Objects.
Getting Other Information.
Methods Added in the JDBC 3.0 API.
Getting Information about ResultSet Objects.
Using a ParameterMetaData Object.
Sample Code.
Generic Applications.
Sample Code 17 and 18.
Sample Code 19.
5. Rowset Tutorial.
Types and Uses of Rowsets.
Using a Rowset.
Creating a Rowset and Setting Properties.
Rowsets and Event Notification.
Obtaining a Scrollable and Updatable Rowset.
Using a Rowset for Scrolling and Updating.
Updating a Rowset.
An EJB Example.
A Distributed Application.
Differences in Rowsets.
EJB and Distributed Transactions.
A Stateless SessionBean Object.
Overview of an EJB Application.
The Remote Interface.
The Home Interface.
The Client Class.
The Enterprise Bean.
PART TWO.
6. Array.
Array Overview.
Creating an Array Object.
Getting Base Type Information.
Materializing Array Data.
Four Versions of the Method getArray.
Four Versions of the Method getResultSet.
Using Array Methods.
Storing Array Objects.
Array Interface Definition.
Array Methods.
7. BatchUpdateException.
BatchUpdateException Overview.
What a BatchUpdateException Object Contains.
Retrieving BatchUpdateException Information.
BatchUpdateException Class Definition.
BatchUpdateException Constructors.
BatchUpdateException Methods.
Inherited Methods.
Methods Defined in BatchUpdateException.
8. Blob.
Blob Overview.
Creating a Blob Object.
Materializing Blob Data.
Storing a Blob Object.
Finding Patterns within a Blob Object.
Methods for Modifying a Blob Object.
Locators and Updates.
Blob Interface Definition.
Blob Methods.
9. CallableStatement.
CallableStatement Overview.
Creating a CallableStatement Object.
Named Parameters.
IN Parameters.
Making Batch Updates.
OUT Parameters.
Numbering of Parameters.
INOUT Parameters.
Retrieving OUT Parameters after Results.
Retrieving NULL Values as OUT Parameters.
Getting Information about Parameters.
CallableStatement Definition.
CallableStatement Methods.
Inherited Methods and Fields.
Methods Defined in CallableStatement.
10. Clob.
Clob Overview.
Creating a Clob Object.
Materializing Clob Data.
Storing a Clob Object.
Updating a Clob Object.
Locators and Updates.
Clob Interface Definition.
Clob Methods.
11. Connection.
Connection Overview.
Opening a Connection.
URLs in General Use.
JDBC URLs.
The odbc Subprotocol.
Registering Subprotocols.
Sending SQL Statements.
Transactions.
Transaction Isolation Levels.
Using Savepoints.
Freeing DBMS Resources.
Using Type Maps.
Connection Interface Definition.
Connection Methods.
Connection Fields.
12. ConnectionEvent.
ConnectionEvent Overview.
ConnectionEvent Interface Definition.
ConnectionEvent Constructors.
ConnectionEvent Methods.
Methods Inherited from javautilEventObject.
Methods Defined in javaxsqlConnectionEvent.
13. ConnectionEventListener.
ConnectionEventListener Overview.
Methods for Event Notification.
Registering a ConnectionEventListener Object.
ConnectionEventListener Interface Definition.
ConnectionEventListener Methods.
14. ConnectionPoolDataSource.
ConnectionPoolDataSource Overview.
Connection and PooledConnection Objects.
Reusing Statements.
Properties for Connection and Statement Pooling.
Closing a Pooled Statement.
ConnectionPoolDataSource Interface Definition.
ConnectionPoolDataSource Methods.
15. DatabaseMetaData.
DatabaseMetaData Overview.
Creating a DatabaseMetaData Object.
ResultSet Objects as Return Values.
String Patterns as Arguments.
Pseudo Columns.
Features Added in the JDBC 2.0 Core API.
Getting Advanced Type Information.
Methods and Fields Added in the JDBC 3.0 API.
Methods Modified in the JDBC 3.0 API.
DatabaseMetaData Interface Definition.
DatabaseMetaData Methods.
DatabaseMetaData Fields.
16. DataSource.
DataSource Overview.
Properties.
Using JNDI.
Creating and Registering a DataSource Object.
Connecting to a Data Source.
DataSource Implementations.
Logging and Tracing.
Advantages of Using JNDI.
DataSource Interface Definition.
DataSource Methods.
17. DataTruncation.
DataTruncation Overview.
Data Truncation with No Warning or Exception.
Data Truncation on Reads.
Data Truncation on Writes.
What a DataTruncation Object Contains.
Retrieving DataTruncation Information.
DataTruncation Class Definition.
DataTruncation Constructor.
DataTruncation Methods.
Inherited Methods.
Methods Defined in DataTruncation.
18. Date.
Date Overview.
Creating a Date Object.
Deprecated Methods.
Retrieving a Date Object.
Advanced Features.
Date Class Definition.
Date Constructors.
Date Methods.
19. Distinct Types.
Distinct Types Overview.
Creating a Distinct Type Object.
Storing Distinct Objects.
Using Distinct Data Types.
Custom Mapping of Distinct Types.
20. Driver.
Driver Overview.
Loading and Registering a Driver.
JDBC Implementation Alternatives.
Driver Interface Definition.
Driver Methods.
21. DriverManager.
DriverManager Overview.
Keeping Track of Available Drivers.
Establishing a Connection.
DriverManager Methods Are Static.
DriverManager Class Definition.
DriverManager Methods.
22. DriverPropertyInfo.
DriverPropertyInfo Overview.
Creating a DriverPropertyInfo Object.
Getting and Setting Fields.
DriverPropertyInfo Class Definition.
DriverPropertyInfo Constructor.
DriverPropertyInfo Fields.
23. ParameterMetaData.
ParameterMetaData Overview.
Creating a ParameterMetaData Object.
Getting Information from a ParameterMetaData Object.
Using Parameter Metadata Wisely.
ParameterMetaData Interface Definition.
ParameterMetaData Methods.
ParameterMetaData Fields.
24. PooledConnection.
PooledConnection Overview.
Application Code for Connection Pooling.
How Connection Pooling Works.
The Life Cycle of a PooledConnection Object.
PooledConnection Interface Definition.
PooledConnection Methods.
25. PreparedStatement.
PreparedStatement Overview.
Creating PreparedStatement Objects.
Passing IN Parameters.
Parameter Metadata.
Data Type Conformance on IN Parameters.
Using setObject.
Sending JDBC NULL as an IN Parameter.
Sending Very Large IN Parameters.
Using PreparedStatement Objects in Batch Updates.
Pooling Prepared Statements.
PreparedStatement Interface Definition.
PreparedStatement Methods.
26. Ref.
Ref Overview.
Creating an SQL Reference.
Creating a Ref Object.
Storing a Ref Object.
Dereferencing a Ref Object.
Sample Code 30.
Modifying a Ref Object.
Ref Interface Definition.
Ref Methods.
27. ResultSet.
ResultSet Overview.
Rows and Columns.
Cursors.
Cursor Movement Examples.
Determining the Number of Rows in a Result Set.
Retrieving Column Values.
Which Method to Use for Retrieving Values.
Using the Method getObject.
Types of Result Sets.
Concurrency Types.
Result Set Holdability.
Providing Performance Hints.
Creating Different Types of Result Sets.
Using a Prepared Statement to Create Result Sets.
Requesting Features That Are Not Supported.
Updating Column Values.
Deleting a Row.
Inserting Rows.
Positioned Updates.
Queries That Produce Updatable Result Sets.
What Is Visible to Transactions.
Visibility of Changes Made by Others.
Visibility of a Result Set's Own Changes.
Detecting Changes.
Refetching a Row.
Using Streams for Very Large Row Values.
NULL Result Values.
Optional or Multiple Result Sets.
Closing a ResultSet Object.
JDBC Compliance.
ResultSet Interface Definition.
ResultSet Methods.
ResultSet Fields.
28. ResultSetMetaData.
ResultSetMetaData Overview.
Creating a ResultSetMetaData Object.
Using ResultSetMetaData.
ResultSetMetaData Interface Definition.
ResultSetMetaData Methods.
ResultSetMetaData Fields.
29. RowSet.
RowSet Overview.
The Event Model for Rowsets.
Properties for a Rowset.
Setting Parameters for the Command String.
Traversing a RowSet Object.
Executing a Command.
Using a RowSet Object's Metadata.
Standard Implementations.
Overview of the JdbcRowSet Implementation.
Overview of the CachedRowSet Implementation.
Uses for a CachedRowSet Object.
Creating a CachedRowSetImpl Object.
Populating a CachedRowSet Object.
Accessing Data.
Modifying Data.
Customizing Readers and Writers.
Other Methods.
WebRowSet Implementation.
FilteredRowSet Implementation.
JoinRowSet Implementation.
RowSet Interface Definition.
RowSet Methods.
RowSet Fields.
30. RowSetEvent.
RowSetEvent Overview.
RowSet Events.
Creating a RowSetEvent Object.
RowSetEvent Interface Definition.
RowSetEvent Constructor.
RowSetEvent Methods.
31. RowSetInternal.
RowSetInternal Overview.
RowSetInternal Interface Definition.
RowSetInternal Methods.
32. RowSetListener.
RowSetListener Overview.
Registering and Deregistering a Listener.
Using RowSetListener Methods.
RowSetListener Interface Definition.
RowSetListener Methods.
33. RowSetMetaData.
RowSetMetaData Overview.
RowSetMetaData Interface Definition.
RowSetMetaData Methods.
RowSetMetaData Fields.
34. RowSetReader.
RowSetReader Overview.
The Reader/Writer Framework.
Reading Data for a Disconnected Rowset.
RowSetReader Interface Definition.
RowSetReader Methods.
35. RowSetWriter.
RowSetWriter Overview.
RowSetWriter Interface Definition.
RowSetWriter Methods.
36. Savepoint.
Savepoint Overview.
Creating a Savepoint Object.
Using a Savepoint Object.
Removing Savepoint Objects.
Retrieving a Savepoint Object Identifier.
Savepoint Interface Definition.
Savepoint Methods.
37. SQLData.
SQLData Overview.
Creating a Custom Mapping.
Retrieving a Custom-mapped Object.
Storing an Object with a Custom Mapping.
SQLData Interface Definition.
SQLData Methods.
38. SQLException.
SQLException Overview.
What an SQLException Object Contains.
Retrieving SQLException Information.
What an SQLException Means.
SQLException Class Definition.
SQLException Constructors.
SQLException Methods.
39. SQLInput.
SQLInput Overview.
Creating an SQLInput Object.
Using reader Methods.
SQLInput Interface Definition.
SQLInput Methods.
40. SQLOutput.
SQLOutput Overview.
SQLOutput Interface Definition.
SQLOutput Methods.
41. SQLPermission.
SQLPermission Overview.
Creating an SQLPermission Object.
SQLPermission Class Definition.
SQLPermission Constructors.
42. SQLWarning.
SQLWarning Overview.
What an SQLWarning Object Contains.
Retrieving SQLWarning Information.
SQLWarning Class Definition.
SQLWarning Constructors.
SQLWarning Methods.
43. Statement.
Statement Overview.
Creating Statement Objects.
Executing Statements Using Statement Objects.
Statement Completion.
Retrieving Automatically Generated Keys.
Closing Statements.
SQL Escape Syntax in Statements.
Sending Batch Updates.
Giving Performance Hints.
Executing Special Kinds of Statements.
Statement Interface Definition.
Statement Methods.
Statement Fields.
44. Struct.
Struct Overview.
Custom Mapping.
Creating an SQL Structured Type.
Storing Instances of a Structured Type.
Creating a Struct Object.
Mapping SQL Inheritance.
Ordering of Attributes.
Storing a Struct Object.
Struct Interface Definition.
Struct Methods.
45. Time.
Time Overview.
Creating a Time Object.
Deprecated Methods.
Retrieving a Time Object.
Advanced Features.
Time Class Definition.
Time Constructors.
Time Methods.
46. Timestamp.
Timestamp Overview.
Creating a Timestamp Object.
Retrieving a Timestamp Object.
Advanced Features.
Timestamp Class Definition.
Timestamp Constructors.
Timestamp Methods.
47. Types.
Overview of Class Types.
Using the Constants in Class Types.
Using the Constant OTHER.
JDBC Types Added in the JDBC 2.0 Core API.
JDBC Data Types Added in the JDBC 3.0 API.
Types Class Definition.
48. XAConnection.
XAConnection Overview.
Application Code in Distributed Transactions.
Distributed Transaction Requirements.
Creating an XAConnection Object.
What an XAResource Object Does.
How the Two-phase Commit Protocol Works.
Using an XAResource Object to Commit.
The XAResource Interface.
Steps in a Distributed Transaction.
Distributed Transactions and EJB.
XAConnection Interface Definition.
XAConnection Methods.
49. XADataSource.
XADataSource Overview.
Obtaining an XADataSource Object.
XADataSource Objects and Resource Managers.
XADataSource Interface Definition.
XADataSource Methods.
50. Mapping SQL and Java Types.
Mapping Overview.
Mapping SQL Types to Java Types.
Basic JDBC Types.
CHAR, VARCHAR, and LONGVARCHAR.
BINARY, VARBINARY, and LONGVARBINARY.
BIT.
TINYINT.
SMALLINT.
INTEGER.
BIGINT.
REAL.
DOUBLE.
FLOAT.
DECIMAL and NUMERIC.
DATE, TIME, and TIMESTAMP.
Advanced JDBC Data Types.
BLOB.
CLOB.
ARRAY.
DISTINCT.
STRUCT.
REF.
JAVA_OBJECT.
JDBC Types Added in the JDBC 3.0 API.
BOOLEAN.
DATALINK.
Examples of Mapping.
Simple SQL Statement.
1079.
SQL Statement with INOUT Parameters.
Custom Mapping.
Dynamic Data Access.
Storing Java Objects in a Database.
Tables for Type Mapping.
JDBC Types Mapped to Java Types.
Java Types Mapped to JDBC Types.
JDBC Types Mapped to Java Object Types.
Java Object Types Mapped to JDBC Type.
Conversions by setObject.
Conversions by ResultSet getter Methods.
JDBC Types Mapped to Database-specific SQL Types.
Appendix A. For Driver Writers.
Requirements for All Drivers.
Guidelines.
Implement Methods in the Interfaces.
Requirements for JDBC 1.0 API Compliance.
Requirements for JDBC 2.0 API Compliance.
Requirements for JDBC 3.0 API Compliance.
API That Is Already Implemented.
Additional Requirements.
Implement a Static Initializer.
Support Extensions to SQL92 Entry Level.
Support Scalar Functions.
Provide Locks for Positioned Updates and Deletes.
Support Multithreading.
Throw Exceptions for Truncated Input Parameters.
Use Default Behaviors for SQL99 Data Types.
Permitted Variants.
When Functionality Is Not Supported.
Variation in Fundamental Properties.
Adding Functionality.
Security Responsibilities of Drivers.
Check Shared TCP Connections.
Check All Local File Access.
Assume the Worst.
Use SQLException for Exceptions.
Implementation Suggestions.
Prefetch Rows.
Provide "Finalize" Methods.
Avoid Implementation-dependent States.
Connection and Statement Pooling Implementations.
JDBC Test Suite.
Connectors.
J2EE Connector Architecture.
Appendix B. Summary of Changes.
Overview of JDBC 3.0 API Changes.
Summary of New Functionality.
Savepoint Support.
Connection Pooling and Reusing Prepared Statements.
Retrieval of Parameter Metadata.
Automatically Generated Keys.
Ability to Have Multiple Open ResultSet Objects.
Holdable Cursor Support.
New Updating Capabilities.
New Data Types.
Complete List of JDBC 3.0 API Changes.
New Interfaces.
New Methods and Fields.
Overview of JDBC 2.0 Core API Changes.
Summary of New Functionality.
Scrollable Result Sets.
Batch Updates.
Programmatic Updates.
Other New Features.
Support for Advanced Data Types.
What Are the SQL99 Data Types?
Summary of Support for the SQL99 Data Types.
Mapping of the New SQL99 Types.
SQL Locators.
Support for Storing Java Objects.
JDBC 2.0 Core API Changes.
What Did Not Change in the JDBC 2.0 API.
Additions to Existing Interfaces and Classes.
Deprecated Methods and Constructors.
New Interfaces, Classes, and Exceptions.
JDBC Optional Package Features.
JNDI.
Connection Pooling.
Support for Distributed Transactions.
Rowsets.
Complete List of Optional Package API.
Post JDBC 1.0 API Changes.
Numeric to Bignum to BigDecimal.
AutoClose Mode Dropped.
Early Design Decisions.
ResultSet getter Methods.
PreparedStatement Methods for Setting Column Values.
CallableStatementregisterOutParameter Method.
Support for Large OUT Parameters.
isNull versus wasNull.
Java Type Names or JDBC Type Names.
Where to Send Suggestions.
Glossary.
Index. 0321173848T05222003
by "Nielsen BookData"
