Markets from networks : socioeconomic models of production

著者

書誌事項

Markets from networks : socioeconomic models of production

Harrison C. White

Princeton University Press, 2005, c2002

  • : pbk

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. [353]-380) and index

"Second printing, and first paperback printing, 2005"--T.p. verso

内容説明・目次

内容説明

In Markets from Networks, one of America's most influential sociologists unveils a groundbreaking theory of the market economy. Arguing that most economists use overly abstract models of how the economy operates, Harrison White seeks a richer, more empirically based alternative. In doing so, he offers a more lucid, generalized treatment of the market models described in his important earlier work in order to show how any given market is situated in a broader exchange economy. White argues that the key to economic action is that producers seek market niches to maximize profit and minimize competition. As they do so, they base production decisions not only on anticipated costs from suppliers and anticipated demand from buyers, but also by looking at their competitors. In fact, White asserts, producers act less in response to actual demand than by anticipating it: they gauge where competitors have found demand and thus determine what they can do that is similar and yet different enough to give themselves a special niche. Building on these and related insights, White creates new mathematical models of how the economy works and how the interaction of its sectors creates mutual protection from the uncertainties of business. These models provide new ways of accounting for profits, prices, market shares, and other vital economic phenomena. He shows, for example, that prices are determined by the coalescing of local variables rather than set in terms of averages as implied by the "law" of supply and demand. The model of "pure" competition favored by economics is deficient, he concludes, as it fails to account for the varied circumstances of particular industries. Throughout, White draws extensively on case studies of American businesses and on recent mathematical and sociological work on networks. Rivaling standard economic theories with its rich empirical grounding, sheer originality, and scholarly rigor, Markets from Networks will resonate in economics and economic sociology for years to come.

目次

List of Figures ix List of tables xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv 1. Introduction 1 PART ONE: FIRMS EMBED INTO A MARKET 2. Profiles for a Market 27 3. Market plane 49 4. Quality and Unraveling 78 5. Signaling and PARADOX 95 PART TWO: MARKETS COMPETE, TOO 6. Substitutability Extended 121 7. Market Space 139 8. Estimating Qualities and Parameters 158 PART THREE: MARKETS ALONG NETWORKS 9. Facing Upstream or Down 177 10. Embed and Decouple 200 11. Suppressing Market Realities 221 PART FOUR: MARKETS AND FIRMS OVER TIME 12. Investing across markets 245 13. Strategic Moves and Market Evolution 266 14. Contrasting Research Perspectives 284 15. Business Cultures 299 16. Conclusion 317 Appendix. On Computations 331 Glossary of Symbols 339 Notes 342 References 353 Index 381

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