Implantation : the role of proteinases, and blockage of implantation by proteinase inhibitors
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書誌事項
Implantation : the role of proteinases, and blockage of implantation by proteinase inhibitors
（Advances in anatomy, embryology and cell biology, v. 53/5）
Springer-Verlag, 1977
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内容説明・目次
内容説明
The establishment of the morphologically and physiologically intimate contact be tween two genetically different individuals, mother and embryo, which takes place during implantation, has always exerted a fascination on researchers in biology and medicine. Recent years have also seen the beginnings of a more practice-oriented med ical interest in this event, as certain methods of contraception whose use is ever in creasing, namely intra-uterine devices (IUDs) and post-coital oral contraceptives, are based on it. On one hand, we have fairly well substantiated experimental and clinical evidence that the efficacy of these contraceptives lies with other factors as well, for example their influence on sperm migration and capacitation or their influence on the transportation of the unfertilized egg. On the other hand there appears to be more im portance in their influence on the blastocyst and on the early stages of implantation (Carol et aI. , 1973; Duncan and Wheeler, 1975; Hafez and Evans, 1973; Oettel, 1975). These stages in development are characterized by complex interactions between em bryo and mother, which have only lately been more exhaustively investigated and which are still subjects of intense research (Beier, 1973, 1974a; Blandau, 1971a; Finn and Porter, 1975; Hafez and Evans, 1973; Steven, 1975). It is expected that insight in to the mechanism of the action of postcoital contraceptives and a possible basis for the development of new concepts in contraception can be gained here.
目次
- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 2.1. Laboratory Animals and Experimental Outline.- 2.2. Morphological Investigations.- 2.3. Histochemical Investigations.- 2.4. Biochemical Investigations.- 2.5. Chemicals.- 3. Results.- 3.1. Morphology of Normal Implantation.- 3.1.1. Rabbit.- 3.1.2. Cat.- 3.2. Histochemistry and Biochemistry of Normal Implantation.- 3.2.1. Histochemistry of Mucosubstances at the Interface Between Embryo and Mother.- 3.2.2. Histochemical and Biochemical Enzyme Studies on Implantation Stages.- 3.2.2.1. Glycosidases.- 3.2.2.2. Proteases.- 3.2.2.2.1 Aminopeptidases (Amino Acid Arylamidases
- EC 3.4.11.2).- 3.2.2.2.2. Endopeptidases (Proteinases).- 3.2.3. Dissolution of the Blastocyst Coverings by Various Proteinases in vitro.- 3.3. Investigations of the Physiological Role and Regulation of Blastocyst Proteinase in the Rabbit.- 3.3.1. Dependence on Trophoblast or Endometrium.- 3.3.1.1. Experiments with Blastocyst Models.- 3.3.1.2. Observations on the Lysis of the Coverings and on Implantation in Cases of Dystopic Implantation.- 3.3.2. Inhibition of Blastocyst Proteinase (Blastolemmase) and of Implantation in the Rabbit Through the Application of Proteinase Inhibitors in vivo.- 3.3.2.1. Morphology and Proteinase Histochemistry.- 3.3.2.2. Dystopic Implantation After the Intrauterine Application of Inhibitor or Control Injection.- 3.3.2.3. Determination of the Time-dependent Decrease in the Concentration of the Inhibitors Injected into the Uterine Lumen.- 4. Discussion.- 4.1. Morphology of the Interaction Between Trophoblast and Endometrium in the Attachment Phase.- 4.2. Morphological Observations on the Formation of the Blastocyst Coverings and Their Dissolution at Implantation.- 4.3. Concepts About the Chemical Composition of the Blastocyst Coverings and Possible Pathways for Their Enzymatic Degradation.- 4.4. On the Physiological Role of Glycosidases and Proteases in the Dissolution of the Blastocyst Coverings and in Implantation.- 4.4.1. Enzymatic Dissolution of the Blastocyst Coverings in vitro and Correlation with the Patterns of Distribution of the Corresponding Enzymes.- 4.4.2. The Role of Endopeptidases (Proteinases) in the Dissolution of the Blastocyst Coverings and in Implantation.- 4.4.2.1. Biochemical Characterization of Blastocyst and Uterine Secretion Proteinases in the Rabbit.- 4.4.2.2. Inhibition of the Dissolution of the Blastocyst Coverings and of Implantation by the in vivo Application of Proteinase Inhibitors.- 4.4.2.2.1. Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Inhibitors Used.- 4.4.2.2.2. Demonstration of the Key Role of Proteinases in Implantation Using in vivo Inhibitor Experiments.- 4.4.2.3. Endopeptidases Related to Implantation in Man and in Other Mammalian Species.- 4.4.2.4. Hatching Enzymes of Lower Animals.- 4.5. The Physiological Regulation of the Process of Implantation.- 4.6. On the Role of the Trophoblast and the Endometrium at Implantation.- 4.7. The Possible Use of Proteinase Inhibitors in the Inhibition of Implantation as a Method of Birth Control.- Summary.- References.
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