Growing explanations : historical perspectives on recent science
著者
書誌事項
Growing explanations : historical perspectives on recent science
（Science and cultural theory）
Duke University Press, 2004
- : pbk
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注記
Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
For much of the twentieth century scientists sought to explain objects and processes by reducing them to their components-nuclei into protons and neutrons, proteins into amino acids, and so on-but over the past forty years there has been a marked turn toward explaining phenomena by building them up rather than breaking them down. This collection reflects on the history and significance of this turn toward "growing explanations" from the bottom up. The essays show how this strategy-based on a widespread appreciation for complexity even in apparently simple processes and on the capacity of computers to simulate such complexity-has played out in a broad array of sciences. They describe how scientists are reordering knowledge to emphasize growth, change, and contingency and, in so doing, are revealing even phenomena long considered elementary-like particles and genes-as emergent properties of dynamic processes. Written by leading historians and philosophers of science, these essays examine the range of subjects, people, and goals involved in changing the character of scientific analysis over the last several decades. They highlight the alternatives that fields as diverse as string theory, fuzzy logic, artificial life, and immunology bring to the forms of explanation that have traditionally defined scientific modernity. A number of the essays deal with the mathematical and physical sciences, addressing concerns with hybridity and the materials of the everyday world. Other essays focus on the life sciences, where questions such as "What is life?" and "What is an organism?" are undergoing radical re-evaluation. Together these essays mark the contours of an ongoing revolution in scientific explanation.
Contributors. David Aubin, Amy Dahan Dalmedico, Richard Doyle, Claus Emmeche, Peter Galison, Stefan Helmreich, Ann Johnson, Evelyn Fox Keller, Ilana Loewy, Claude Rosental, Alfred Tauber
目次
Introduction: dynamincs all the way up / M. Norton Wise 1
Part I Mathematics, physics, and engineering
Elementary particles? `
1. Mirror symmetry: persons, values, and objects / Peter Galison 23
Nonlinear dynamics and chaos
2. Chaos, disorder, and mixing: a new fin-de-siecle image of science? / Amy Dahan Dalmedico 67
3. Forms of explanation in the catastrophe theory of Rene Thjom: topology, morphogenesis, and structuralism / David Aubin 95
Coping with complexity in technology
4. From Boeing to Berkeley: civil engineers, the cold war, and the origins of finite element analysis / Ann Johnson 133
5. Fuzzyfying the world: social practices of showing the properties of fuzzy logic / Claude Rosental 159
Part II The organism, the self, and (artificial) life
Self-Organization
6. Marrying the premodern to the postmodern: computers and organisms after World War II / Evelyn Fox Keller 181
Immunology
7. Immunology and the enigma of selfhood / Alfred I. Tauber 201
8. Immunology of AIDS: growning explanations and developing instruments / Ilana Lowy 222
Artificial Life
9. Artificial life support: some nodes in the Alife ribotype / Richard Doyle 251
10. The word for world is computer: simulating second natures in artificial life / Stefan Helmreich 275
11. Constructing and explaining emergence in artificial life: on paradigms, ontodefinitions, and general knowledge in biology / Claus Emmeche 301
Afterword 327
Contributors 333
Index 337
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