Artifacts & ideas : essays in archaeology

著者

書誌事項

Artifacts & ideas : essays in archaeology

Bruce G. Trigger

Transaction Publishers, c2003

タイトル別名

Artifacts and ideas

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-235) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Prehistoric archaeologists cannot observe their human subjects nor can they directly access their subjects' ideas. Both must be inferred from the remnants of the material objects they made and used. In recent decades this incontrovertible fact has encouraged partisan approaches to the history and method of archaeology. An empirical discipline emphasizing data, classification, and chronology has given way to a behaviorist approach that interprets finds as products of ecologically adaptive strategies, and to a postmodern alternative that relies on an idealist, cultural-relativist epistemology based on belief and cultural traditions. In Artifacts and Ideas, Bruce G. Trigger challenges all partisan versions of recent developments in archaeology, while remaining committed to understanding the past from a social science perspective. Over 30 years, Trigger has addressed fundamental epistemological issues, and opposed the influence of narrow theoretical and ideological commitments on archaeological interpretation since the 1960s. Trigger encourages a relativistic understanding of archaeological interpretation. Yet as post-processual archaeology, influenced by postmodernism, became increasingly influential, Trigger countered nihilistic subjectivism by laying greater emphasis on how in the long run the constraints of evidence could be expected to produce a more comprehensive and objective understanding of the past. In recent years Trigger has argued that while all human behavior is culturally mediated, the capacity for such mediation has evolved as a flexible and highly efficient means by which humans adapt to a world that exists independently of their will. Trigger agrees that a complete understanding of what has shaped the archaeological record requires knowledge both of past beliefs and of human behavior. He knows also that one must understand humans as organisms with biologically grounded drives, emotions, and means of understanding. Likewise, even in the absence of data supplied in a linguistic format by texts and oral traditions, at least some of the more ecologically adaptive forms of human behavior and some general patterns of belief that display cross-cultural uniformity will be susceptible to archaeological analysis.Advocating a realist epistemology and a materialist ontology, Artifacts and Ideas offers an illuminating guide to the present state of the discipline as well as to how archaeology can best achieve its goals.

目次

  • 1: Introduction: Understanding the Material Remains of the Past
  • 2: Engels on the Part Played by Labor in the Transition from Ape to Man: An Anticipation of Contemporary Archaeological Theory
  • 3: Archaeology and the Image of the American Indian
  • 4: Alternative Archaeologies: Nationalist, Colonialist, Imperialist
  • 5: Archaeology at the Crossroads: What's New?
  • 6: Hyperrelativism, Responsibility, and the Social Sciences
  • 7: Archaeology and Epistemology: Dialoguing across the Darwinian Chasm
  • 8: The Real, the Perceived, and the Imagined
  • 9: Imagination and Scientific Curiosity
  • 10: The 1990s: North American Archaeology with a Human Face?

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