Down and out in early America
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書誌事項
Down and out in early America
Pennsylvania State University Press, c2004
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
収録内容
- Introduction: "The best poor man's country?" / Billy G. Smith
- Poverty and politics in early American history / Gary B. Nash
- Dead bodies : poverty and death in early national Philadelphia / Simon Newman
- Malthusian miseries and the working poor in Philadelphia, 1780-1830 : gender and infant mortality / Susan E. Klepp
- Slaves and poverty / Philip D. Morgan
- "Who died an expence to this town" : poor relief in eighteenth-century Rhode Island / Ruth Wallis Herndon
- Gender and the political economy of poor relief in colonial Philadelphia / Karin Wulf
- Poor relief "without violating the rights of humanity" : almshouse administration in the Philadelphia region, 1790-1860 / Monique Bourque
- Bound by charity : the abandoned children of late eighteenth-century Charleston / John E. Murray
- Poverty and politics in the Hudson River Valley / Thomas Humphrey
- "God helps those who help themselves" : religious explanations of poverty in colonial Massachusetts, 1630-1776 / J. Richard Olivas
- The Delaware Indians and poverty in colonial New Jersey / Jean R. Soderlund
内容説明・目次
内容説明
It has often been said that early America was the "best poor man's country in the world." After all, wasn't there an abundance of land and a scarcity of laborers? The law of supply and demand would seem to dictate that most early American working people enjoyed high wages and a decent material standard of living. Down and Out in Early America presents the evidence for poverty versus plenty and concludes that financial insecurity was a widespread problem that plagued many early Americans.
The fact is that in early America only an extremely thin margin separated those who required assistance from those who were able to secure independently the necessities of life. The reasons for this were many: seasonal and cyclical unemployment, inadequate wages, health problems (including mental illness), alcoholism, a large pool of migrants, low pay for women, abandoned families. The situation was made worse by the inability of many communities to provide help for the poor except to incarcerate them in workhouses and almshouses.
The essays in this volume explore the lives and strategies of people who struggled with destitution, evaluate the changing forms of poor relief, and examine the political, religious, gender, and racial aspects of poverty in early North America. Down and Out in Early America features a distinguished lineup of historians. In the first chapter, Gary B. Nash surveys the scholarship on poverty in early America and concludes that historians have failed to appreciate the numerous factors that generated widespread indigence. Philip D. Morgan examines poverty among slaves while Jean R. Soderlund looks at the experience of Native Americans in New Jersey. In the other essays, Monique Bourque, Ruth Wallis Herndon, Tom Humphrey, Susan E. Klepp, John E. Murray, Simon Newman, J. Richard Olivas, and Karin Wulf look at the conditions of poverty across regions, making this the most complete and comprehensive work of its kind.
目次
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction: "The Best Poor Man's Country?"
Billy G. Smith
1. Poverty and Politics in Early American History
Gary B. Nash
Part I:: Lives of the Poor
2. Dead Bodies: Poverty and Death in Early National Philadelphia
Simon Newman
3. Malthusian Miseries and the Working Poor in Philadelphia, 1780-1830: Gender and Infant Mortality
Susan E. Klepp
4. Slaves and Poverty
Philip D. Morgan
Part II: Poor Relief
5. "Who Died an Expence to This Town": Poor Relief in Eighteenth-Century Rhode Island
Ruth Wallis Herndon
6. Gender and the Political Economy of Poor Relief in Colonial Philadelphia
Karin Wulf
7. Poor Relief "Without Violating the Rights of Humanity": Almshouse Administration in the Philadelphia Region, 1790-1860
Monique Bourque
8. Bound by Charity: The Abandoned Children of Late Eighteenth-Century Charleston
John E. Murray
Part III: Politics, Religion, and the Creation of Poverty
9. Poverty and Politics in the Hudson River Valley
Thomas Humphrey
10. "God Helps Those Who Help Themselves": Religious Explanations of Poverty in Colonial Massachusetts, 1630-1776
J. Richard Olivas
11. The Delaware Indians and Poverty in Colonial New Jersey
Jean R. Soderlund
Contributors
Index
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