Georgian : a learner's grammar

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書誌事項

Georgian : a learner's grammar

George Hewitt

Routledge, 2005

2nd ed

  • : hbk
  • : pbk

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注記

English and Georgian

Originally published: New York : Routledge, 1996

Includes index

内容説明・目次

巻冊次

: hbk ISBN 9780415333702

内容説明

This second edition of Georgian: A Learner's Grammar is a completely revised and updated guide to the fascinating and most widely spoken language of the Caucasus. Presenting the language in the form of dialogues and reading passages, full attention is given to script reproduction and recognition, pronunciation, lexis and individual points of grammar. Key features include: * highlighting of verbal roots throughout * new and varied exercises for practice of verb forms * use of the new Georgian currency * examples of Georgian literature, both poetry and prose, and each with its own self-contained vocabulary * a reference section providing an answer key, a Georgian-English glossary and an index of grammatical terms. With a varied and extensive range of exercise work, this new edition provides a comprehensive and carefully graded grammar of Georgian that has been successful over a number of years of use in the classroom.

目次

Introduction. Lesson 1. Some formal and informal methods of introducing yourself and others The Nominative case of nouns Adjective-agreement with Nominative nouns The formation of adverbs Asking questions (including some formal set-expressions) Some locative expressions The personal pronouns, possessive pronouns and adjectives The Present tense forms of the verbs 'be', 'come/go', 'run', 'be sitting, standing, lying'. Lesson 2. The plural of nouns Dative and Genitive case-forms Adjective-agreement with Datives and Genitives The form of demonstrative adjectives outside the Nominative Directional preverbs Numbers (cardinals and ordinals) How to tell the time Days of the week Months of the year The Present tense of the verbs 'stand up, lie down, sit down' Lesson 3. How to give your age and ask about another's age The comparative and superlative grades of adjectives and adverbs The Instrumental case Adjective-agreement with the Instrumental More of the language's postpositions The past tense of the copula, the basic verb of motion, the stative forms 'be sitting, standing, prostrate' and the dynamic equivalents 'sit down, stand up, lie down' Subject-agreement markers on the verb Lesson 4. The three-way division of the tense-system The marking of subject and object with transitive verbs in the Present (etc.) Word-order The Present Tense of transitive verbs Neutral Version Verb-agreement with 3rd person plural subjects The loss/reduction of -o- in the noun-declension The Adverbial case of nouns Adjective-agreement with nouns in the Adverbial case The postposition -made 'up to' Lesson 5. Subjective Version Indirect Objects Locative Version Indefinite Pronouns and Adverbs Articles Lesson 6. Future of transitive verbs Object-agreement affixes Reflexives Emphatics. Lesson 7. Objective version How to say 'too, also' The emphatic interrogative particle meaning 'pray, on earth!' Relative clauses The potential negative The Vocative case Adjective-agreement for the Vocative Lesson 8. The syntax associated with transitive verbs in Series II The Ergative case of nouns Adjective-agreement with nouns in the Ergative The conjugational patterns for transitive verbs in Series II Lesson 9. Colloquial relative clauses Temporal clauses meaning 'when' Temporal clauses meaning 'while' Manner clauses meaning 'as, like' Temporal clauses meaning 'as soon as' Temporal clauses meaning 'after' Noun-clauses introduced by 'that' Causal clauses meaning 'because, as, since' Simple Conditional clauses The Present Indicative of the verb 'know' Lesson 10. The Present and Future Indicative forms of intransitive verbs The meaning of this type of intransitive verb The syntax of intransitives How to associate indirect objects with intransitive verbs The Future forms of the verbs 'be', 'come/go', 'run', 'be sitting/standing/lying', 'sit down', 'stand up', 'lie down' Lesson 11. The formation of the Aorist Indicative for intransitive verbs The syntax of Aorist Intransitives The Present, Future and Aorist Indicative formations of the Medial verbs The syntax of Medial verbs in Series I and II (Present, Future, and Aorist Indicatives) Verbs whose tenses can be altered through use of a Version vowel Lesson 12. The formation of the Aorist Subjunctive for Transitive, Intransitive and Medial verbs Some uses of the Aorist Subjunctive How to issue an instruction (Imperatives) How to say 'Don't VERB!' (Prohibitions) Lesson 13. The essentials of the so-called Stative Verbs The formation, agreement-patterns and syntax of the so-called Indirect Verbs in the Present, Future and, where relevant, Aorist Indicatives (plus the Aorist Subjunctive) How to say 'X wants to VERB' an
巻冊次

: pbk ISBN 9780415333719

内容説明

This second edition of Georgian: A Learner's Grammar is a completely revised and updated guide to the fascinating and most widely spoken language of the Caucasus. Presenting the language in the form of dialogues and reading passages, full attention is given to script reproduction and recognition, pronunciation, lexis and individual points of grammar. Key features include: * highlighting of verbal roots throughout * new and varied exercises for practice of verb forms * use of the new Georgian currency * examples of Georgian literature, both poetry and prose, and each with its own self-contained vocabulary * a reference section providing an answer key, a Georgian-English glossary and an index of grammatical terms. With a varied and extensive range of exercise work, this new edition provides a comprehensive and carefully graded grammar of Georgian that has been successful over a number of years of use in the classroom.

目次

  • Introduction. Lesson 1. Citation form of nouns and adjectives
  • Locative expressions
  • Formation of adverbs
  • Asking questions
  • Consonant final words
  • Pronouns, possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns
  • Formality
  • The Present tense of 'to be'
  • The verbs of motion and similar formations Lesson 2. The plural of nouns
  • The Dative case
  • The Genitive case
  • Declensions and Demonstratives
  • Adjective agreement with Datives and Genitives
  • Preverbs
  • Numbers
  • Telling the time
  • Days of the week
  • Months of the year
  • The Present tense of the verbs 'to stand up', 'to lie down', 'to sit down'
  • Names denoting common relationships and possessives Lesson 3. Asking about and stating one's age
  • The comparative and superlative grades of adjectives and adverbs
  • The Instrumental case
  • Adjective agreement with the Instrumental
  • Postpositions
  • Subject-agreement markers within the verb for intransitive subjects Lesson 4. The division of the tense-system
  • Subject and direct object case marking and verbal agreement for
  • Series I transitives
  • Word-order
  • Transitive verbs in the present indicative
  • Neutral Version
  • Verb-agreement with 3rd person plural subjects
  • Syncope of -o- in nouns
  • The Adverbial case of nouns
  • Adjective agreement with nouns in the Adverbial case
  • The postposition -mde up to Lesson 5. Subjective Version
  • Indirect Objects
  • Locative Version
  • Indefinite Pronouns and Adverbs
  • Articles Lesson 6. The future indicative of transitive verbs
  • Object agreement affixes
  • Reflexives
  • Emphatics Pronouns Lesson 7. Objective version
  • Expressions with too, also, as well
  • Emphatic interrogative particle
  • Relative Clauses
  • The potential negative
  • The Vocative case
  • Adjective agreement with the Vocative Lesson 8. The syntax of Series II transitive verbs
  • The Ergative case
  • Declension types and agreement patterns
  • The aorist indicative forms of transitive verbs Lesson 9. The formation of colloquial relative clauses
  • Temporal clauses meaning 'when'
  • Temporal clauses meaning 'while'
  • Manner clauses meaning 'as, like'
  • Temporal clauses meaning 'as soon as'
  • Temporal clauses meaning 'after'
  • Noun-clauses
  • Causal clauses 'because, as, since'
  • Simple Conditional (if) clauses
  • The verb 'to know' in the Present Indicative Lesson 10. The formation of the Present and Future Indicatives of intransitive verbs
  • Meaning and syntax of intransitive verbs
  • The marking of intransitive verbs with indirect objects
  • Some anomalies among the intransitives
  • The irregular Future indicatives Lesson 11. The formation of the Aorist Indicative for intransitive verbs
  • The syntax required by intransitive verbs in Series II
  • The Medial Verbs in the present, future and aorist indicatives
  • The syntax of Medial verbs
  • Version as a change of tense marker Lesson 12. The formation of the Aorist Subjunctive for Transitive
  • Intransitives and Medials
  • Some uses of the Aorist Subjunctive
  • How to issue an instruction in the Imperative
  • How to construct expressions of Prohibition Lesson 13. Stative Verbs
  • The Indirect Verbs
  • How to say 'X wants to (VERB)' and 'X can (VERB)'
  • How to express the notion 'convey'
  • How to say 'know' in the future indicative
  • Forms of the more important stative verbs Lesson 14. Formation of the imperfect indicative, present subjunctive, conditional and future subjunctive
  • Expressions of the type 'if X were to (be) verb(ing), Y would be (verb)'
  • Constructing imperatives from verbs without an aorist indicative
  • Constructing expressions of the type 'X out to be verbing'
  • Expressions of purpose relating to the future
  • Some other verbs that take the aorist subjunctive</

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