Western societies : a documentary history
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Western societies : a documentary history
McGraw-Hill, c2000
2nd ed
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Includes bibliographical references
Description and Table of Contents
- Volume
-
v. 1 ISBN 9780070648449
Description
These volumes present a collection of primary source materials from the earliest times to the present intended for use in college courses in Western Civilization. An outstanding feature of the book is the wide variety of source materials included-readings from literary classics, letters, biographies, chronicles, diaries, philosophic and scientific writings, government records. Women's history is emphasized throughout.
Table of Contents
PrefaceI THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST --- NATURE, GODS, AND HUMANSIN THE BEGINNINGSEgyptFrom The Book of Knowing the CreationsMesopotamiaFrom The Creation EpicThe HebrewsFrom The Book of GenesisRELIGION AND NATUREEgypt: The Nile and the SunFrom Hymn to the NileFrom Hymn to the AtonMesopotamia: Fertility and MythInnana and the KingHymn to Ishtar From The Epic of GilgameshThe Hebrews: The Garden of EdenFrom The Book of GenesisETHICS AND LAWEgypt: Death and JudgmentFrom The Book of the DeadMesopotamia: Law and JusticeFrom The Code of HammurabiGOD, AND HISTORY: THE HEBREW TRADITIONThe CovenantFrom The Book of ExodusThe LawFrom The Book of ExodusThe ProphetsFrom The Book of IsaiahHebrew PoetryA PsalmFrom The Song of SolomonII GREEK CIVILIZATION --- FROM MYTH TO POLIS (c. 800--c. 400 B.C.)GODS AND HUMANSHomer's WorldFrom The IliadGolden Age to Iron AgeFrom Hesiod's Works and DaysHuman LoveFrom Poems of SapphoFROM MYTHOLOGY TO PHILOSOPHYReligionFrom XenophanesPhilosophyFrom ParmenidesAtomism: Leucippus and DemocritusMathematics: The PythagoreansSOCIETY AND GOVERNMENT --- THE POLISAthensFrom Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian WarSpartaFrom Plutarch. Life of LycurgusThe Peloponnesian WarFrom LysistrataFrom The Melian DialogueDIVINE AND HUMAN LAWSophoclesFrom AntigoneIII GREEK CIVILIZATION --- PHILOSOPHY, POLITICS, AND SOCIETY (c. 400--c. 330 B.C.)THE IDEA OF THE GOODSocrates: Critics and FriendsFrom The ApologyFrom The CloudsFrom PhaedoPlato's CaveFrom The RepublicFAMILY AND STATE---IDEALISMPlatonic UtopianismFrom The RepublicAgainst DemocracyFrom The RepublicFAMILY AND STATE---REALISMAn Athenian HouseholdFrom Xenophon. Household ManagementState FinancesFrom Xenophon. On the RevenuesARISTOTLE---NATURAL SCIENCE AND SOCIAL SCIENCEScientific MethodFrom MetaphysicsEthics and PoliticsFrom The Nichomachean EthicsFrom The PoliticsIV HELLENISM AND ROME---FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIREHellenistic CultureThe Empire of AlexanderFrom Plutarch. MoraliaHellenism and JudaismFrom The First Book of MaccabeesEpicureanismFrom Lucretius. On the Nature of the UniverseStoicismFrom Works of EpictetusROME---REPUBLIC TO EMPIRERepublican InstitutionsFrom The Histories of PolybiusFrom The Roman History of AppianThe Roman RevolutionFrom The Roman History of AppianFrom Cicero. On the LawsFrom Sallust. The Conspiracy of CatilineFrom Cicero. On Moral DutiesFrom Suetonius. The Twelve CaesarsFrom The Annals of TacitusImperial AdministrationFrom Letters of PlinyROMAN FAMILIESPatriarchal TraditionFrom Roman AntiquitiesFrom The Histories of PolybiusFrom Plutarch. Life of CatoLegislation of AugustusFrom Dio's Roman HistoryFrom The Institutes of GaiusFrom Opinions of Julius PaulusRoman WivesFrom Juvenal's Sixth SatireFrom Praise of TuriaV CHRISTIANITY AND THE FALL OF ROMETHE ORIGIN OF CHRISTIANITYThe Coming of JesusFrom The Gospel According to LukeFrom The Gospel According to JohnLife and TeachingFrom The Gospel According to MatthewFrom The Gospel According to MatthewFrom The Gospel According to MarkJesus and WomenFrom The Gospel According to LukeFrom The Gospel According to MarkFrom The Gospel According to JohnTHE EARLY CHURCHChristian and PaganFrom Paul's First Epistle to the CorinthiansFrom Minucius Felix. OctaviusFrom Hippolytus. Apostolic TraditionFrom Clement of AlexandriaThe Nicene CreedChurch and StateFrom The Annals of TacitusFrom Letters of PlinyFrom The "Edict of Milan"From Eusebius. Life of ConstantineFrom The Theodosian CodeChristian Women: Marriage and CelibacyFrom Paul's Epistle to the EphesiansFrom Paul's First Epistle to the CorinthiansFrom Jerome. Against HelvidiusFrom The Acts of the Christian Martyrs From Letter of Pope Damasus on CelibacyDECLINE AND FALLImperial CentralizationFrom The Death of the PersecutorsFrom The Theodosian CodeChristian ReactionsSalvianus. The Burden of TaxationJerome. The Barbarian InvasionsAugustine. The Two CitiesEastern SurvivalFrom The Institutes of JustinianVI A NEW EUROPE---BARBARIANS AND CHRISTIANSTHE EARLY GERMANS---SOCIETY AND CULTUREA Roman AccountFrom Tacitus. On GermanyLaws and CustomsFrom Laws of the Salian FranksFrom Laws of the BurgundiansA Germanic Hero-KingFrom BeowulfCHRISTIAN INSTITUTIONSThe PapacyFrom Sermon of Leo IFrom Gelasius I. Letter to Emperor AnastasiusMonasticismFrom The Rule of St. BenedictROMAN CHRISTIANITY AND NORTHERN EUROPEGregory the Great and EnglandGregory I. Letter to MellitusFrom Bede. Ecclesiastical HistoryFrom Bede. Ecclesiastical HistoryMission to GermanyOath of BonifaceFrom Life of BonifaceFrom Life of LeobaCHARLEMAGNECharlemagne and His FamilyFrom Einhard. Life of CharlemagneEconomic FoundationsFrom Capitulary De VillisCarolingian GovernmentFrom General Capitulary for the MissiThe Imperial CoronationFrom Einhard. Life of CharlemagneFrom Annals of LorschFrom Frankish Royal AnnalsVII MEDIEVAL FOUNDATIONS---FEUDALISM, CHURCH REFORM, AND CRUSADEFEUDAL INSTITUTIONSLords and VassalsFrom Annals of XantenCapitulary of MersenOaths of AllegianceFrom Chronicle of Galbert of BrugesLiege HomageThe FiefCapitulary of Lestinnes (747)Grant of Fief with Immunity (815)Foundation of the Duchy of Normandy (911)Feudal ObligationsFrom Fulbert of ChartresFeudal AidsKnight ServiceCourt ServiceWardship and MarriageViolence and RestraintPeace Oath of Bishop Warin, 1023From Suger's Life of Louis VIREFORM OF THE CHURCHAbuses, Theocracy, and ReformComplaint or Berengar of Narbonne, 1056Coronation of Otto I, 1036Papal Reform Decrees (1074--1075)Dictatus Papae (1075)Empire and PapacyHenry IV to Gregory VII (January 24, 1076)Deposition of Henry IV (February 22, 1076)Gregory VII to the Princes of Germany (1077)Gregory VII to Hermann of Metz (1081)Concordat of WormsTHE FIRST CRUSADERSWestern ViewsFrom The Song of RolandPope Urban's Speech at ClermontCrusaders and JewsFrom Chronicle of Alan of AixAn Arab ViewFrom Autobiography of OusamaVIIITHE MEDIEVAL WORLD---ECONOMY AND GOVERNMENTRURAL LIFEThe Medieval ManorFrom A Manor of the Hundred Rolls (1279)From Select Pleas in Manorial CourtsPeasant Daily FareFrom Piers PlowmanTOWNS AND TRADECity LifeFrom A Description of LondonFrom Charter of St. OmerEconomic ActivitiesRules of a Merchant Guild (Southampton)Silk Spinners at ParisAdvice to MerchantsMEDIEVAL MONARCHIESEnglandFrom Magna CartaSummons of Representatives to Parliament (1295)From Rolls of ParliamentFranceFrom Joinville. Life of St. LouisThe EmpireFrom Otto of Freising's Chronicle From Otto of Freising's ChronicleCHURCH AND STATEInnocent III---Papal Power at Its ZenithFrom Letters of Innocent IIIInnocent IV and Frederick IIFrederick II According to SalimbeneDeposition of Frederick II (1245)Boniface VIII---The Crisis of Papal PowerUnam SanctamAccusations Against Boniface VIIIDecree of Clement V (1306)Decree of Clement V (1311)Reflections on GovernmentFrom Innocent IV. Commentary on the DecretalsFrom John of Paris. On Royal and Papal Power (1303)IXTHE MEDIEVAL WORLD---RELIGION AND CULTUREREASON, FAITH, AND LOVEAbelard and Bernard: Reason and FaithFrom Abelard. Sic et NonFrom Bernard. Letter to Pope Innocent IIFrom Abelard. DialecticaFrom Bernard. The Love of GodAbelard and Heloise: Learning and LoveFrom Abelard. A Story of CalamitiesFrom Heloise. Letter to AbelardFrom Peter the Venerable. Letter to HeloiseTHE WORLD OF THOUGHTUniversity Life: Masters and StudentsFrom University Statutes, 1215Method of LecturingProclamation against Criminal StudentsAn Oxford StudentReligion, Philosophy, and LawFrom Aquinas. Summa TheologiaeFrom Aquinas. Summa Theologiae THE FRANCISCAN VISIONFranciscan IdealsFrom The Rule of St. FrancisCreator and CreaturesFrom Thomas of CelanoThe Canticle of the SunON THE MARGIN --- HERETICS AND JEWSAlbigensiansFrom Raynaldus. AnnalesDecree of Emperor Frederick II (c. 1235)BeguinsFrom The Inquisitor's Manual of Bernard GuiJewsFrom Letter of Innocent IIIFrom The Fourth Lateran CouncilFrom Letter of Gregory XFrom Roger of Hoveden. AnnalsMEDIEVAL WOMENCourtly LoveJaufre Rudel. To His Love AfarCountess de Dia. A Distressed LoverFrom The Art of Courtly LoveEve and MaryAdam Lay Y-BoundenFrom Liber ExemplorumFrom Sermon of Berthold of RegensburgFrom Aquinas. Summa TheologiaeWomen's Roles --- Two ViewsFrom The City of LadiesFrom The Goodman of Paris XAN AGE OF RENAISSANCE---DECLINE AND RENEWAL, 1300--1500FOURTEENTH-CENTURY CALAMITIESPestilence, Persecution, and FlagellantsFrom Jean de Venette's ChronicleThe Hundred Years' WarFrom Froissart's ChroniclePeasant RebellionFrom Froissart's ChronicleJoan of ArcLetter of Joan of Arc, 1429NEW LIGHT IN ITALYAncients and ModernsFrom Dante. The Divine ComedyFrom Petrarch's LettersFrom Leonardo Bruni. Commentarius<
h4>Human DignityFrom Pico della Mirandola. Oration on the Dignity of ManRenaissance Types --- Artists and CourtiersFrom Giorgio Vasari. Lives of the Most Eminent Painters (1550)From Giorgio Vasari. Lives of the Most Eminent Painters (1550) Courtier and PrinceFrom Baldassare Castiglione. The Book of the Courtier (1518)RENAISSANCE FAMILIESFamily and FortuneFrom Alberti. I Libri Della FamigliaA Florentine Family --- FactFrom Diary of Gregorio DatiA Florentine Family --- FictionFrom Machiavelli. La MandragolaRENAISSANCE STATECRAFTItaly: Prince and StateFrom Machiavelli. The PrinceFrance: Louis XIFrom Memoirs of CommynesEngland: Henry VIIFrom Bacon's Life of Henry VIIXIREFORMATIONS---PROTESTANT AND CATHOLICNORTHERN HUMANISTSPapal FailingsFrom Erasmus. In Praise of FollyReligion in UtopiaFrom Thomas More. UtopiaGermany and RomeFrom Wimpheling's ResponseMARTIN LUTHERLuther as MonkFrom Luther's Table TalkThe Break With RomeFrom Tetzel's SermonFrom The Ninety-Five Theses (1517)From Address to the Christian Nobility of the German NationFrom Luther's Sermon, April 7, 1521From Luther's Speech at Worms, April 18, 1521Celibacy and MarriageFrom What Luther SaysDEVELOPMENTS OF PROTESTANT THOUGHTSwitzerland and FranceZwingli on the EucharistFrom John Calvin. Institutes of the Christian ReligionScotland and EnglandFrom John Knox. The Book of DisciplineAct of Supremacy, 1534From The Thirty-Nine ArticlesTHE CATHOLIC REFORMATIONDoctrine ReaffirmedFrom Decrees of the Council of TrentReligious ReformersFrom Ignatius Loyola. The Spiritual ExercisesFrom Teresa of Avila. The Way of PerfectionREFORMATION AND POLITICSGermanyFrom Twelve Articles of the PeasantsFrom Luther's Letter, 1524Peace of Augsburg (1555)FranceSt. Bartholomew's Day MassacreEdict of NantesXIINEW WORLDS FOR OLD---EXPLORATION, SCIENCE, AND SUPERSTITIONNEW FOUND LANDSFirst EncountersFrom Letter of ColumbusFrom Journal of Gaspar CorreaThe New World From Sepulveda. Democrates AlterFrom Las Casas. Apologetic HistoryFrom Las Casas. Thirty PropositionsFrom Index of ConquistadoresExploration and AnthropologyFrom Montaigne. Of CannibalsSCIENTIFIC METHODBacon on EmpiricismFrom The Great InstaurationDescartes on DeductionFrom Discourse on MethodSCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTAstronomyFrom Copernicus. CommentariolusFrom Galileo. The Starry MessengerFrom Galileo. Letter to the Grand Duchess ChristinaSynthesisFrom Newton's PrincipiaFrom Bodin's MethodusWITCHCRAFT --- SUPERSTITION AND PERSECUTIONThe Prevalence of WitchesFrom Bodin's DemonologyThe Frailty of WomenFrom The Hammer of WitchesConfession of Francoise Secretain (1598)Trail of Geillis Duncane (1591)XIIITHE SEARCH FOR ORDER --- ABSOLUTISM AND ARISTOCRACYSOCIAL CONDITIONSGermanyFrom SimplicissimusFranceFrom Letters of the Abbess of Port-RoyalTHEORIES OF ABSOLUTISMRationalismFrom Bodin. Six Books of the CommonwealthFrom Thomas Hobbes. LeviathanDivine RightFrom Bossuet. Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy ScripturePatriarchyFrom Robert Filmer. PatriarchaTHE COURT OF LOUIS XIVLife at Versailles From Memoirs of the Duke of Saint-SimonPortrait of a Monarch From Memoirs of the Duke of Saint-SimonFrom Louis XIV. Letter to His Heir ABSOLUTISM IN PRACTICEReligionFrom Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685)From Memoirs of the Duke of Saint-SimonFrom Declaration of the Gallican ChurchFrom Louis XIV. Letter to His HeirMilitary OrganizationFrom Voltaire. The Age of Louis XIVEconomy and Local AdministrationFrom Colbert's MemorandaFrom Colbert's CorrespondenceEASTERN EUROPEThe Turkish MenaceFrom The Present State of the German and Turkish EmpiresPeter the GreatFrom Gilbert Burnett's HistoryFrom Von Korb's DiaryFrom De Missy's Life of PeterXIVTHE SEARCH FOR ORDER --- CONSTITUTIONALISM AND OLIGARCHYCROWN AND PARLIAMENTEarlier ViewsFrom Fortescue. The Governance of England (1471)From Elizabeth's "Golden Speech" (1601)From James I. Speech to Parliament (1610)From Petition of Grievances (1610)CIVIL WARCharles I. The Break with ParliamentFrom Petition of Right (1628)Commons Protestation (1629)From Petition Accompanying the Grand Remonstrance (1641)Case of the Five MembersMilitia OrdinanceA "Royal Martyr"?Declaration of SovereigntyAct Establishing a Court to Try the KingCharles's DefenseThe SentenceLast WordsRELIGION AND SOCIAL PROTESTRadical DissentFrom The Free-Man's Freedom VindicatedFrom The Army Debates (1647)From A Fiery Flying RollFrom Winstanley. Letter to Lord FairfaxA Digger Song (1649)Women's RolesFrom Domesticall DutiesFrom HudibrasWomen's Petition (1649) From Mary Cary. The New Jerusalem's Glory From George Fox. A Collection of . . . EpistlesFrom The Sufferings of the People Called QuakersFrom Dorothy Osborne's LettersOLIVER CROMWELL AND THE INTERREGNUMWar and ReligionFrom Cromwell's Letters and SpeechesSocial LegislationFrom Acts and Ordinances Authority and ConsentDismissal of the Rump ParliamentFrom Clarendon's HistoryFrom Ludlow's MemoirsCromwell's Deathbed PrayerA Royalist ViewFrom Clarendon's HistoryFROM RESTORATION TO REVOLUTION RestorationFrom John Evelyn's DiaryThe "Glorious Revolution"From John Evelyn's DiaryFrom The Bill of Rights (1689)
- Volume
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v. 2 ISBN 9780070648456
Description
These volumes present a collection of primary source materials from the earliest times to the present intended for use in college courses in Western Civilization. An outstanding feature of the book is the wide variety of source materials included-readings from literary classics, letters, biographies, chronicles, diaries, philosophic and scientific writings, government records. Women's history is emphasized throughout.
Table of Contents
PrefaceI THE SEARCH FOR ORDER--ABSOLUTISM AND ARISTOCRACYSOCIAL CONDITIONSGermanyFrom SimplicissimusFranceFrom Letters of the Abbess of Port-RoyalTHEORIES OF ABSOLUTISMRationalismFrom Jean Bodin. Six Books of the CommonwealthFrom Thomas Hobbes. LeviathanDivine RightFrom Bossuet. Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy ScripturePatriarchyFrom Robert Filmer. PatriarchaTHE COURT OF LOUIS XIVLife at VersaillesFrom Memoirs of the Duke of Saint-SimonPortrait of a MonarchFrom Memoirs of the Duke of Saint-SimonFrom Louis XIV. Letter to His HeirABSOLUTISM IN PRACTICEReligionFrom Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685)From Memoirs of the Duke of Saint-SimonFrom Declaration of the Gallican ChurchFrom Louis XIV. Letter to His HeirMilitary OrganizationFrom Voltaire. The Age of Louis XIVEconomy and Local AdministrationFrom Colbert's MemorandaFrom Colbert's CorrespondenceEASTERN EUROPEThe Turkish MenaceFrom The Present State of the German and Turkish EmpiresPeter the GreatFrom Gilbert Burnett's HistoryFrom Von Korb's DiaryFrom De Missy's Life of PeterII THE SEARCH FOR ORDER CONSTITUTIONALISM AND OLIGARCHYCROWN AND PARLIAMENTEarlier ViewsFrom Fortescue. The Governance of England (1471)From Elizabeth's "Golden Speech" (1601)From James I. Speech to Parliament (1610)From Petition of Grievances (1610)CIVIL WARCharles I. The Break with ParliamentFrom Petition of Right (1628)Commons Protestation (1629)From Petition Accompanying the Grand Remonstrance (1641)Case of the Five MembersMilitia OrdinanceA Royal Martyr?Declaration of SovereigntyAct Establishing a Court to Try the KingCharles's DefenseThe SentenceLast WordsRELIGION AND SOCIAL PROTESTRadical DissentFrom The Free-Man's Freedom VindicatedFrom the Army Debates (1647)From A Fiery Flying RollFrom Winstanley. Letter to Lord FairfaxA Digger Song (1649)Women's RolesFrom Domesticall DutiesFrom HudibrasWomen's Petition (1649)From Mary Cary. The New Jerusalem's GloryFrom George Fox. A Collection of. . . . EpistlesFrom The Sufferings of the People Called QuakersFrom Dorothy Osborne's LettersOLIVER CROMWELL AND THE INTERREGNUMWar and ReligionFrom Cromwell's Letters and SpeechesSocial LegislationFrom Acts and OrdinancesAuthority and ConsentDismissal of the Rump ParliamentFrom Clarendon's HistoryFrom Ludlow's MemoirsCromwell's Deathbed PrayerA Royalist ViewFrom Clarendon's HistoryFROM RESTORATION TO REVOLUTIONRestorationFrom John Evelyn's DiaryThe "Glorious Revolution"From John Evelyn's DiaryFrom The Bill of Rights (1689)III COMMERCE AND EMPIRE -- THE WEST AND THE WORLDPATTERNS OF COMMERCEThe East IndiesFrom Report of Simon de PomponneThe AtlanticFrom The London Tradesman (1774)Instructions to Captain Lindsay (1754)From Diary of a CitizenFrom Letter of Peter Fontaine (1757)NORTH AMERICA-EXPLORATION AND IMMIGRATIONExploration and MissionariesFrom Voyages of MarquetteFrom Letters of Junipero SerraImmigrationFrom Journey to PennsylvaniaFrom British Customs ReportFrom J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur. What Is an American?THE FAR EASTIndia -- Wealth and PowerFrom Robert Clive. Speech in Commons (1772)From Edmund Burke. Speech in Commons (1783)China -- Merchants and MissionariesFrom Memorandum of Huo Ju-hsiaFrom Decree of K'ang-hsi (1692)From Decree of Pope Clement XI (1715)From Decree of K'ang-hsi (1721)THE OLD COLONIAL SYSTEMEconomic Regulation from The Hat Act (1732)The System DefendedFrom Sir William Keith. A Short DiscourseThe System AttackedFrom Adam Smith. The Wealth of NationsEUROPEAN EMPIRES - GERMANY AND EASTERN EUROPEPrussiaFrom Report of Count Von SeckendorfFrom Letters of Frederick II and Frederick William IFrom Memoirs of Frederick IIFrom Frederick II. Essay on the Forms of GovernmentRussiaFrom Letter of Baron de BreteuilFrom Catherine II. Proposals for a New Law CodeFrom Decree on Serfs (1767)PolandFrom Memoirs of Frederick IIFrom Letter of Maria TheresaFrom Letter of Catherine IIIV THE ENLIGHTENMENT -- NATURE, REASON, AND PROGRESSNATURE AND MANNatural RightFrom John Locke. Second Treatise of Civil Government (1690)Human NatureFrom John Locke. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690)GOD AND NATURETheismFrom Voltaire. Elements of the Philosophy of NewtonFrom Alexander Pope. An Essay on ManAtheismFrom Baron d'Holbach. Common SensePROGRESS AND REFORMThe Idea of ProgressFrom Edward Gibbon. The Decline and Fall of the Roman EmpireFrom Marquis de Condorcet. Progress of the Human MindReformFrom The EncyclopediaFrom The EncyclopediaFrom Cesare Beccaria. Essay on Crimes and PunishmentsSKEPTICISM, FANATICISM, AND SATIRESkepticismFrom David Hume. An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandingFrom Voltaire. Philosophical DictionaryFanaticismFrom the EncyclopediaSatire -- Candide and FigaroFrom Voltaire. Candide, or the OptimistFrom Beaumarchais. The Marriage of FigaroPOLITICAL IDEASRights and Liberties From Voltaire. Philosophical DictionaryFrom Montesquieu. Spirit of the LawsFrom Declaration of Independence (1776)Enlightened AbsolutismFrom Mercier de la Riviere. The Natural Order (1767)Totalitarian Democracy?From Jean Jacques Rousseau. The Social ContractLOVE AND FRIENDSHIPJulie de LespinasseFrom Memoir of Baron de GrimmFrom Memoir of MarmontelFrom Letter of Julie de LespinasseV INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION-AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURE, POLITICAL ECONOMYAGRICULTUREEnglish and French Agriculture ComparedFrom Arthur Young. Travels during the Years 1787, 1788, and 1789 . . . in the Kingdom of FranceFeudal Practices in German AgricultureFrom William Jacob. A View of the Agriculture . . . of Germany . . . Agricultural LaborersFrom David Davies. The Case of Labourers in Husbandry . . . (1795)MANUFACTURESpinning and WeavingFrom William Radcliffe. Origin of . . . the Power Loom (1828)Families DisruptedFrom Observations . . . on the Loss of Woollen Spinning (c.1794)Machinery AttackedThe Leeds Woollen Workers' Petition (1786)Machinery DefendedLetter from the Cloth Merchants of Leeds (1791)The First Textile FactoriesFrom Richard Guest. Compendious History of the Cotton-Manufacture (1823)POLITICAL ECONOMYSupply and DemandFrom Adam Smith. The Wealth of NationsThe Iron Law of WagesFrom David Ricardo. On WagesPoverty and PopulationFrom Thomas Malthus. First Essay on Population (1798)VI THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONTHE DEBATE OVER NOBLE PRIVILEGERoyal Power AssertedFrom The Official Transcript of the Session of the Scourging (March 3, 1766)Noble Privilege DefendedFrom Remonstrance of the Parlement of Bordeaux (1771)Noble Privilege ChallengedFrom Abbe Sieyes. What Is the Third Estate?THE THIRD ESTATE TRIUMPHANTThe Fall of the BastilleFrom A Parisian Newspaper Account, July 14, 1789Feudal Rights AbolishedThe August 4th Decrees (August 4-11, 1789)The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (August 27, 1789)From The Civil Constitution of the Clergy (July 12, 1790)Exporting the Revolution The Propagandist Decrees (1792)CHALLENGES TO LIBERAL REVOLUTIONARIESDefending Church and KingFrom Edmund Burke. Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790)The Vendee UprisingFrom Charles Tilly. The VendeeAre Women Citizens?From Olympe de GougesDeclaration of the Rights Woman and the Female Citizen (1791)From Debates in the National Convention of Clubs and Popular Societies for Women (1793)Revolutionary MoralityWhat Is a Sans-Culotte?From Maximilien Robespierre. On The Principles of Political Morality (February 1794)From "Gracchus" Babeuf.Manifesto of the EqualsNAPOLEONIC CONSOLIDATIONCentralized AdministrationAn Instruction for Senators (April 1805)To His Brother Jerome, King of Westphalia (Fontainebleau, November 15, 1807)A Conversation with Montholon (St. Helena, 1814)RestorationFrom The Constitutional Charter of 1814VII RESPONSES TO REVOLUTION -- THEORY AND POLITICS (1810-1832)CONSERVATISMThe Divine Origin of ConstitutionsFrom Joseph de Maistre. Essay on the Generative Principle of Political Constitutions (1810)A Call for Monarchal SolidarityFrom Prince Klemens von Metternich. Political Confession of Faith (1820)ROMANTICISM"Nature . . . the Guardian of My Heart"From William Wordsworth. Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern AbbeyThe Inner Spiritual Life From Friedrich von Schlegel. The Philosophy of Life and Philosophy of LanguageThe Romantic SensibilityFrom Mary Shelley. FrankensteinNATIONALISMPolandFrom Adam Mickiewicz. The Books of the Polish Nation . . .ItalyFrom Giuseppe Mazzini. Young Italy (1832)REFORMRussiaFrom Peter Kakhovsky. Letter to General Levashev (February 1826)From Pavel Pestel. Extracts from Pestel's TestimonyEnglandFrom Samuel Bamford. Passages in the Life of a Radical -- On the Peterloo MassacreFrom Thomas Babington Macaulay. Speeches (May 2, 1831) -- On the Reform Bill of 1832VIII INDUSTRIALIZATION AND SOCIAL UPHEAVALTHE FACTORY SYSTEMPrinciplesFrom Andrew Ure. The Philosophy of ManufacturesDisciplineFactory Rules in Berlin (1844)THE INDUSTRIAL CITY "Outrage Done to Nature"From William Wordsworth. The Excursi
on (1814)From Friedrich Engels. The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844FAMILY ORGANIZATIONThe Working-Class Family EconomyFrom Mayhew. Interview with a Female OperativeMiddle-Class DomesticityFrom Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household ManagementTHE CHALLENGE OF LABOREnglish ChartismThe People's Petition of 1838Address of the Female Political Union . . . (1839)French SocialismFrom Louis Blanc. The Organization of Labor (1840)Class StruggleFrom Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.The Communist Manifesto (1848)THE TRIUMPH OF THE BOURGEOISIEMiddle-Class ValuesFrom Samuel Smiles. Self-HelpProgressFrom The Economist (London 1851)THE REVOLUTIONS OF 1848FranceFrom Alphonse de Lamartine. History of the French Revolution of 1848GermanyFrom Carl Schurz. ReminiscencesIX SCIENCE AND SOCIETY THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIETYSocial Evolution From Herbert Spencer. Progress: Its Law and CauseEvolutionFrom Charles Darwin. The Descent of ManA Science of SocietyFrom Auguste Comte. A General View of PositivismTHE EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DIFFERENCEThe Argument for EqualityFrom John Stuart Mill. The Subjection of WomenThe Argument for InequalityFrom Patrick Geddes and J. Arthur Thompson.The Evolution of SexTHE MOTOR OF HISTORYThe Pursuit of Happiness and Liberty of ThoughtFrom John Stuart Mill. Utilitarianism (1861)From John Stuart Mill. On Liberty (1859) The Crisis in BeliefFrom Edmund Gosse.Father and Son (1907)X STATE BUILDING AND IMPERIALIST EXPANSIONVARIETIES OF NATIONALISMPan-SlavismFrom Nikolai Danilevsky. Russia and Europe: An Inquiry into the Cultural and Political Relations of the Slav World and of the Germano-Latin World (1869)Political NationalismFrom Heinrich von Treitschke. PoliticsLiberal NationalismFrom Ernest Renan. What Is a Nation?THE UNIFICATION OF ITALYDiplomacyFrom Cavour's Letter to Victor Emmanuel (July 24, 1858)ConquestFrom Garibaldi's Report on the Conquest of NaplesUnificationFrom Victor Emmanuel's Address to Parliament (Rome, 1871)THE HAPSBURG EMPIREThe Dual MonarchyFrom Memoirs of Count von BeustGERMAN UNIFICATIONIron and BloodFrom Otto von Bismarck. Speech to the Reichstag (September 30, 1862)War with AustriaFrom William I. Proclamation of the Seven Weeks' War (June 1866)The Franco-Prussian WarFrom Otto von Bismarck. MemoirsMilitary PreparednessFrom Otto von Bismarck. Speech to the Reichstag (February 6, 1888)IMPERIALISMFrench Colonial PolicyFrom Jules Ferry. Preface to Tonkin (1890)The White Man's BurdenFrom Rudyard Kipling. The White Man's BurdenThe Black Man's OppressionFrom Edward Morel. The Black Man's BurdenThe Economic Bases of ImperialismFrom John A. Hobson. ImperialismXI ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISMORGANIZATIONNetworks of FactoriesFrom Harold Baron. Chemical Industry on the Continent (1909)German BanksFrom Articles on German BankingRetailing On Parisian Department StoresAN INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM AND A WORLD MARKET The Gold StandardFrom German Coinage Act, July 9, 1873The World EconomyFrom Robert Giffen. On the Depression of 1873-1876GOVERNMENTS AND INDUSTRYProtective TariffsJules Meline. Argument for Protection in France (1892)Regulation of Working ConditionsFrom Otto von Bismarck. On State Socialism (1884)From Georges Clemenceau. Speech on Strikes, Trade Unions, and Socialism (1906)THE LABOR MOVEMENTStrikesFrom Ben Turner. About MyselfNational Federations of LaborFrom The French General Confederation of Labor, Charter of Amiens (1906)THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENTGerman Social DemocracyFrom The Erfurt Program (1891)From Anna Maier. Autobiography (1912)English Social DemocracyFrom William Morris. How I Became a SocialistFrench Socialists UniteFrom Program of the Unified Socialist Party (1905)XII WORLD WAR ITHE ROAD TO WAR National RivalryFrom An Interview with the Geman Kaiser (Daily Telegraph, 1908)Popular PropagandaThe German "Hasslied"War DeclaredThe "Blank Check" TelegramFrom Philipp Scheidemann. The Making of New GermanySTRATEGIES AND BATTLESThe Western FrontFrom Field Marshal Joffre. Personal MemoirsTrench WarfareFrom Vera Brittain. Testament of YouthNew WeaponryFrom Captain Von Richthofen. The Red Battle FlyerAmerica Enters the WarFrom Speech of Congressman Joe Henry Eagle (April 15, 1917)THE HOME FRONTEngland Mourns Her DeadLaurence Binyon. For the Fallen (September 1914)Women's War ServiceFrom E. Sylvia Pankhurst. The Home FrontTHE DECLINE OF THE WEST?German SurrenderFrom The Versailles TreatyDisillusionmentFrom John Maynard Keynes. The Economic Consequences of the PeaceFrom Sigmund Freud. Thoughts for the Times on War and DeathThe Toll of War.Mortality StatisticsXIII THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION -- FROM LENIN TO STALINTHE ROAD TO REVOLUTIONLenin's StrategyFrom V. I. Lenin. What Is to Be Done?The Revolution of 1905From The Petition of January 9, 1905From Tsar Nichols I.The October Manifesto (1905)REVOLUTION, WAR COMMUNISM, AND CIVIL WARWartime ConditionsFrom Leon Trotsky.The History of the Russian RevolutionThe Fall of the TsarFirst Statement of the Provisional Government, March 1917The Bolsheviks Come to PowerAccount of the Overthrow of the Provisional Government (November 8, 1917)The Peace and Land Decrees War CommunismDecree on Grain (May 9, 1918)Civil WarFrom Proclamation of the "Whites" (July 8, 1918)ECONOMY AND SOCIETY IN THE 1920SThe New Economic PolicyFrom V. I. Lenin. Draft Resolutions on Questions of the New Economic PolicyThe FamilyFrom Alexandra Kollantai. Communism and the FamilySTALIN AND THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE MODERN SOVIET STATEEconomic PlanningFrom Joseph Stalin. The Results of the First Five-Year Plan From Max Belov. The History of a Soviet Collective FarmFamily OrganizationFrom Law on the Abolition of Legal Abortion (May 1936)Destruction of the OppositionPurges: The Official Explanation XIV EUROPE -- THE 1920S TO WORLD WAR IIECONOMIC DEPRESSION AND SOCIAL UNREST England From Men without Work: A Report Made to the Pilgrim Trust, 1938FranceFrom Program of the Popular Front (January 10, 1936)GermanyFrom The Times (May 28, 1932)THE RISE OF FASCISMItalyFrom Benito Mussolini. The Political and Social Doctrine of FascismGermanyFrom The Autobiography of an Anti-SemiteFrom Adolph Hitler. Mein KampfThe Spanish Civil WarFrom George Orwell. Looking Back on the Spanish WarWORLD WAR IIThe Outbreak of WarFrom Chamberlain's Statement to the Press (September 1938)From Hitler's Speech to the Reichstag (September 1, 1939)From Chamberlain's Announcement of War with Germany (September 3, 1939)W. H. Auden, September 1, 1939The Fall of FranceFrom Alexander Werth. The Last Days of Paris The Battle of BritainFrom The Times (April 12, 1941)War in the PacificJapan's Declaration of War on the United States and Great Britain (December 8, 1941)Roosevelt's Request for a Declaration of War on Japan (December 8, 1941)THE WAR ENDSD-Day, June 6, 1944Churchill's Announcement to the House of Commons (June 6, 1944)The Bombing of HiroshimaTruman Announces Use of A-Bomb at Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)The Human CostsFrom Deposition by Mrs. Liuba Daniel on the Stutthof Concentration CampXV POSTWAR POLITICS -- COLD WAR AND THIRD WORLDTHE THREAT OF NUCLEAR WARThree ApproachesFrom Philip Toynbee. The Fearful Choice (1959)From Edward Teller. The Legacy of Hiroshima (1962)From Pope John XXIII. Pacem in Terris (1963)THE COLD WAR BEGINSYalta and the AftermathFrom Minutes of the Yalta ConferenceFrom Letter of President Roosevelt to Premier Stalin (April 1, 1945)From Minutes of White House ConferenceFrom Letter of Premier Stalin to President Truman (April 24, 1945)The Iron CurtainFrom Winston Churchill's Speech at Fulton, Missouri (March 5, 1946)From Stalin's Reply to ChurchillFrom Speech of President TrumanFrom Testimony of John Foster DullesAtlantic AllianceFrom General George C. Marshall's Speech (June 5, 1947)From Speech of Andrei Vyshinski (September 18, 1947)From The North Atlantic TreatyCONCILIATION AND CONFLICTPeaceful CoexistenceFrom Khrushchev's Public SpeechFrom Krushchev's Secret SpeechHungaryFrom Statement of the Soviet Government (October 30, 1956)From Imry Nage's Last Message (November 4, 1956)VietnamFrom President Lyndon B. Johnson's News Conference (July 28, 1965)From Senator J. William Fulbright's Speech (April 2, 1970)ChinaFrom Speech of President Richard M. Nixon (February 28, 1972)THE END OF THE COLD WARNuclear DisarmamentFrom Statement of Mikhail Gorbachev (January 15, 1986)Eastern EuropeFrom Speech of Mikhail Gorbachev (December 9, 1989)From Speech of Margaret Thatcher (February 18, 1990)After GorbachevFrom Anatoly Chubais. Main Issues of PrivatisationISRAEL AND THE ARABSThe Zionist CaseFrom Statement of the World Zionist Conference (1945)The Arab CaseFrom Statement of the Arab Higher Committee (1948)THE THIRD WORLDIndiaFrom Mohandas Gandhi. SatyagrahaAfricaFrom Kwame Nkrumah. I Speak of Freedom (1961)CubaFrom Fidel Castro SpeaksXVI THE MODERN WORLD -- HOPES AND ANXIETIESHUMAN RIGHTS - IDEALS AND REALITIESIdealsUniversal Declaration on Human
Rights (1948)RealitiesFrom Amnesty International Report (1995)POPULATION, ECOLOGY, NATURAL RESOURCESPopulation PressuresFrom World HealthFrom M. Mesarovic and E. Pestel.Mankind at the Turning PointNatural ResourcesFrom E. F. Schumacher. Small Is BeautifulFrom Population Control: For and AgainstREVOLUTIONARY PROTESTRevolutionary TheoryFrom H. Marcuse. An Essay on LiberationFranceFrom The French Student RevoltGermanyFrom The Urban Guerrilla ConceptWOMEN AND FAMILYWomen's RolesFrom Simone de Beauvoir. The Second SexFeminist ProtestAdrienne Rich. TranslationsBacklashFrom Susan Faludi. BacklashSCIENCE AND HUMAN VALUESEvolution and MatterFrom William Provine. Chance and NecessityEvolution and SpiritFrom John Paul II. Magisterium and Evolution
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