Medical ethics in antiquity : philosophical perspectives on abortion and euthanasia
著者
書誌事項
Medical ethics in antiquity : philosophical perspectives on abortion and euthanasia
（Philosophy and medicine, v. 18）
Kluwer Academic, c1995
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. 225-232) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The idea of reviewing the ethical concerns of ancient medicine with an eye as to how they might instruct us about the extremely lively disputes of our own contemporary medicine is such a natural one that it surprises us to real ize how very slow we have been to pursue it in a sustained way_ Ideologues have often seized on the very name of Hippocrates to close off debate about such matters as abortion and euthanasia - as if by appeal to a well-known and sacred authority that no informed person would care or dare to oppose_ And yet, beneath the polite fakery of such reference, we have deprived our selves of a familiarity with the genuinely 'unsimple' variety of Greek and Roman reflections on the great questions of medical ethics. The fascination of recovering those views surely depends on one stunning truism at least: humans sicken and die; they must be cared for by those who are socially endorsed to specialize in the task; and the changes in the rounds of human life are so much the same from ancient times to our own that the disputes and agreements of the past are remarkably similar to those of our own.
目次
One/ The Social and Scientific Setting.- I/ The Status of the Physician.- Types of Physicians.- Egyptian Influences.- The Problem of Licensure.- The Relationship Between Physicians and Philosophers.- II/ Theories of Health and Disease.- The Hippocratic Humoral Theory.- The Democritean Atomistic Theory.- Plato and Aristotle.- The Medical Sects.- The Galenic Constitutional Theory.- III/ Attitudes Toward Death.- Divine and Chthonic Personal Immortality.- Natural Personal Dissolution.- Poetic and Popular Images.- Plato and Aristotle.- Epicurean Insights.- Summary.- Two/ The Rise of Medical Ethics.- IV/ Who was Hippocrates?.- Medical Ethics Before Hippocrates.- The Puzzle of Hippocrates' Identity.- V/ The Hippocratic Oath.- The Authorship Question.- The Prohibition Against Surgery.- The Covenant Reconsidered.- The Ethical Code.- Abortion and Euthanasia.- The Oath's Date and Origins Reconsidered.- Medical Etiquette.- Summary.- Three/ Abortion and Euthanasia.- VI/ The Problem of Abortion.- Preliminary Considerations.- Contraception.- Methods of Abortion and Infanticide.- Midwives.- Philosophical Perspectives.- Pythagoras.- Plato.- Aristotle.- Seneca.- Summary.- VII/ The Problem of Euthanasia.- Preliminary Considerations.- Suicide and Language.- Types and Methods.- Philosophical Perspectives.- Pythagoras.- Plato.- Aristotle.- Seneca.- Summary.- VIII/ The Physician's Moral Responsibility.- Abortion.- Euthanasia.- "Do No Harm".- Summary.- IX/ Conclusion.- Diverse Medical Ethical Perspectives.- Physicians and Philosophers.- Physicians and Patients.- Physicians and the State.- X/ Epilogue.- Future Prospects.- A Contemporary Appraisal.- The Biomedical Revolution.- Perennial Issues.- Confidentiality.- Abortion and Euthanasia.- Truth-Telling.- Distributive Justice.- Professional Commitment.- Appendices.- Appendix A.- Principles of Medical Ethics.- Appendix B.- A Patient's Bill of Rights.- Appendix C.- Declaration of Geneva.- Notes.- Select Bibliography.
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