Spectroscopic measurement : an introduction to the fundamentals
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書誌事項
Spectroscopic measurement : an introduction to the fundamentals
Academic Press, c2002
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注記
Bibliography: p. 401-409
Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, molecular spectroscopy, optics and radiation form the foundations of the field. On top of these rest the techniques applying the fundamentals (e.g. Emission Spectroscopy, Laser Induced Fluorescence, Raman Spectroscopy). This book contains the basic topics associated with optical spectroscopic techniques. About 40 major sources are distilled into one book, so researchers can read and fully comprehend specific optical spectroscopy techniques without visiting many sources.Optical diagnostics are widely used in combustion research. Ideas first proposed here are now applied in other fields, including reacting flows for materials production (CVD reactors, oxidation reactors and some plasma work), atmospheric sensing, measuring constituents of exhaled human breath (to indicate stress in airway passages and the lungs and hence,e.g., provide a very early indicator of lung cancer).Researchers not formally trained who apply spectroscopy in their research need the detail in this book to ensure accuracy of their technique or to develop more sophisticated measurements. Time is valuable and future research will benefit. Learning "on the fly" can involve direct information on a specific diagnostic technique rather than gaining the background necessary to go into further depth.
目次
Preface Acknowledgments Nomenclature 1 Introduction 1.1 Spectroscopic Techniques 1.2 Overview of the Book 1.3 How to Use This Book 1.4 Concluding Remarks and Warnings2 A Brief Review of Statistical Mechanics 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Maxwellian Velocity Distribution 2.3 The Boltzmann Energy Distribution 2.4 Molecular Energy Distributions 2.5 Conclusions 3 The Equation of Radiative Transfer 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Some Definitions 3.2.1 Geometric Terms 3.2.2 Spectral Terms 3.2.3 Relationship to Simple Laboratory Measurements 3.3 Development of the ERT 3.4 Implications of the ERT 3.5 Photon Statistics 3.6 Conclusions4 Optical Electromagnetics 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Maxwell's Equations in Vacuum 4.3 Basic Conclusions from Maxwell's Equations 4.4 Material Interactions 4.5 Brief Mention of Nonlinear Effects 4.6 Irradiance 4.7 Conclusions 5 The Lorentz Atom 5.1 Classical Dipole Oscillator 5.2 Wave Propagation Through Transmitting Media 5.3 Dipole Emission 5.3.1 Dipole Emission Formalism 5.3.2 Dipole Radiation Patterns 5.4 Conclusions 6 Classical Hamiltonian Dynamics 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Overview of Hamiltonian Dynamics 6.3 Hamiltonian Dynamics and the Lorentz Atom 6.4 Conclusions7 An Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Historical Perspective 7.3 Additional Components of Quantum Mechanics 7.4 Postulates of Quantum Mechanics 7.5 Conclusions 8 Atomic Spectroscopy 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The One-Electron Atom 8.2.1 Definition of V 8.2.2 Approach to the SchrSdinger Equation 8.2.3 Introduction to Selection Rules and Notation 8.2.4 Magnetic Moment 8.2.5 Selection Rules, Degeneracy, and Notation 8.3 Multi-Electron Atoms 8.3.1 Approximation Methods 8.3.2 The Pauli Principle and Spin 8.3.3 The Periodic Table 8.3.4 Angular Momentum Coupling 8.3.5 Selection Rules, Degeneracy, and Notation 8.4 Conclusion 9 Molecular Spectroscopy 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Diatomic Molecules 9.2.1 Approach to the Schr6dinger Equation 9.2.2 Rotation-Vibration Spectra and Corrections to Simple Models 9.2.3 A Review of Ro-Vibrational Molecular Selection Rules 9.2.4 Electronic Transitions 9.2.5 Electronic Spectroscopy 9.2.6 Selection Rules, Degeneracy, and Notation 9.3 Polyatomic Molecules 9.3.1 Symmetry and Point Groups 9.3.2 Rotation of Polyatomic Molecules 9.3.3 Vibrations of Polyatomic Molecules 9.3.4 Electronic Structure 9.4 Conclusions 10 Resonance Response 10.1 Einstein Coefficients 10.1.1 Franck-Condon and HSnl-London factors 10.2 Oscillator Strengths 10.3 Absorption Cross-sections 10.4 Band Oscillator Strengths 10.5 Conclusions 11 Line Broadening 11.1 Introduction 11.2 A Spectral Formalism 11.3 General Description of Optical Spectra 11.4 Homogeneous Broadening 11.5 Inhomogeneous Broadening 11.6 Combined Mechanisms: The Voigt Profile 11.7 Conclusions 12 Polarization 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Polarization of the Resonance Response 12.3 Absorption and Polarization 12.4 Polarized Radiant Emission 12.5 Photons and Polarization 12.6 Conclusions13 Rayleigh and Raman Scattering 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Polarizability 13.3 Classical Molecular Scattering 13.4 Rayleigh Scattering 13.5 Raman Scattering 13.5.1 Raman Flowfield Measurements 13.6 Conclusions 14 The Density Matrix Equations 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Development of the DME 14.3 Interaction with an Electromagnetic Field 14.4 Multiple Levels and Polarization in the DME 14.5 Two-level DME in the Steady-state Limit 14.6 ConclusionsA Units B Constants
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