Engineering catastrophes : causes and effects of major accidents

著者

書誌事項

Engineering catastrophes : causes and effects of major accidents

John Lancaster

Woodhead , CRC Press, 2005

3rd ed

  • : Woodhead
  • : CRC Press

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注記

Previous ed.: Cambridge: Abington, 2000

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

巻冊次

: CRC Press ISBN 9780849398780

内容説明

There is much to be gained from the study of catastrophes. Likewise the records of accidents in industry and transport are of great importance, not only for indicating trends in the incidence of loss or casualties, but also as a measure of human behavior. The third edition of this well received book places emphasis on the human factor, with the first two chapters providing a method of analyzing the records of accident and all-cause mortality rates to show their relationship with levels of economic development and growth rates, and to make suggestions as to the ways in which such processes may be linked. Later chapters examine the effects of technological change on safety, the technical background behind failures, and the effects of natural catastrophes. Case histories throughout the book show how human frailty, the unexpected weakness of materials, or a combination of both can lead to dire and tragic circumstances. Probing the core factors underlying some of the most notorious catastrophes in recent history, Engineering Catastrophes: Causes and Effects of Major Accidents, Third Edition offers critical hindsight to help current and future engineers avoid repeating past mistakes.

目次

ANALYZING CASUALTY RECORDS How Big Is a Catastrophe? Perspectives Collective Skills The Exponential Fall in Accident Rates The Gradient B The Mechanical Case The Learning Process Perturbations Cause and Effect ACCIDENT AND ALL-PURPOSE MORTALITY: ECONOMIC GROWTH The Effect of Sex and Age Group Industry and Transport Exceptions Changing Human Behavior National Productivity and Accident Rates Conclusions SUPERCATASTROPHES Shipping Accidents Catastrophes in the Oil and Gas Production Industry Catastrophies Involving Air Control The Chemical Industry Rail Accidents Generalizations References THE TECHNICAL BACKGROUND Mechanical Failure Catastrophes Resulting from the Brittle Failure of Steel Fatigue Cracking Other Types of Fracture Theoretical Aspects of Explosions References HOW TECHNOLOGY CHANGE AFFECTS SAFETY The Role of the Material Air Transport Shipping The Oil and Gas Industry Hydrocarbon Processing Land Transport References NATURAL CATASTROPHES Natural Catastrophes and a Country's Level of Productivity The Effect of Natural Disasters Earthquakes References APPENDIX: MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ACCIDENT DATA The Trend Curve Linear Regression Non-Dimensional Forms of the Trend Curve Casualty Numbers Hyperbolic Models Variance The Gaussian Frequency Distribution The Neutral Case INDEX
巻冊次

: Woodhead ISBN 9781845690168

内容説明

There is much to be gained from the study of catastrophes. Likewise the records of accidents in industry and transport are of great importance, not only by indicating trends in the incidence of loss or casualties, but also as a measure of human behaviour. The third edition of this well received book places emphasis on the human factor, with the first two chapters providing a method of analysing the records of accident and all-cause mortality rates to show their relationship with levels of economic development and growth rates, and to make suggestions as to the way in which such processes may be linked. Case histories are given throughout the book. These are designed to show how human frailty, or the unexpected weakness of materials, or a combination of both, can lead to dire and tragic circumstances.

目次

1. Analysing casualty records2. Accident and all-cause mortality: Economic growth3. Supercatastrophes4. The technical background5. How technological change affects safety6. Natural catastrophes Appendix: Mathematical models and statistical methods for accident data

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