Marmes Rockshelter : a final report on 11,000 years of cultural use
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Bibliographic Information
Marmes Rockshelter : a final report on 11,000 years of cultural use
Washington State University Press, c2004
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Note
Bibliography: p. 423-446
Description and Table of Contents
Description
The Marmes Rockshelter is one of the most significant archaeological sites in the Pacific Northwest, not only due to its 11,000-year record of human use, but also because of the attention it generated towards American archaeology throughout the Northwest, the nation, and the world. The political story behind the discovery and excavation of early Holocene human skeletal remains at the Marmes site encapsulates, and helped incite, changes in archaeological studies following passage of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. This contributed to current Cultural Resources Management processes, driven by federal government mandates to preserve archaeological materials and information and to seek greater public involvement in management program. These mandates, in fact, have led full-circle to this study, a complete analysis and interpretation of all of the available information from the rockshelter and floodplain areas of the site, and completion of a final report some thirty years after the Marmes site was excavated.
Table of Contents
1. Project Background2. Research Design
Cultural Chronology
Past Environment & Climate Change
Site Function
Trade
Human Remains/Burials
3. Environmental Overview
Geological Setting
Glacial-era Floods & Tephra Chronology
Climatic & Vegetation History
Late Pleistocene
Latest Pleistocene/Early Holocene
Middle Holocene
Early Late Holocene
Late Holocene
Vegetation
Faunal Resources
4. Cultural Context
Prehistory
Ethnographic Period
Historic Period
5. Stratigraphy & Site Formation Processes
Geomorphic Context
Rockshelter Stratigraphy
Colluvial Slope Stratigraphy
Floodplain Stratigraphy
Site Formation
6. Features
Rockshelter
Hearths/Fire Pits
Storage Pit
Floodplain
7. Human Remains
8. Lithic Debitage & Formed Tools
Raw Materials
Reduction Technology
Obsidian X-ray Fluorescence
Blood Residue Analysis
Lithic Technology
Obsidian Sourcing
Blood Residue Analysis
Culture-History
Index Fossils & Tool Functions
Cascade Technique
Gravels & Travels
Comparisons With Other Sites
9. Modified Bone & Antler
Manufacturing Technology & Function
Use-Life Classes
Modified Bone Collection
Changes Through Time
Comparison of Windust Phase Floodplain & Rockshelter Deposits
10. Faunal Remains
Marmes Fauna
Taxa Identified
Intersite Analyses
11. Fish Remains
Comparison of Rockshelter & Floodplain Fish
12. Invertebrate Fauna (Shellfish)
Results by Stratum
13. Botanical Materials
Temporal Considerations
Contaminants
14. Summary of Results
15. Interpretation
Cultural Chronology
Trade
Past Environment & Climate Change
Site Function
Subsistence
Marmes Rockshelter in a Regional Perspective
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