CiNii 図書 - Environmental toxicology : biological and health effects of pollutants

An Indispensable Reference of Air, Soil, and Water Pollutants This second edition of Environmental Toxicology focuses on the biological and health effects toxins have on living organisms. It also stresses the relationship between human activity and the environment, relating changes in the environment with the changing patterns of human diseases, and exploring the parallels between developing economies and pollution-related health problems. The book deals with a large number of environmental toxicants, discussing their damage process, metabolism (biotransformation), and metabolism, toxicants and their damage process, and environmental, biological, and nutritional factors that may influence toxicity. It also describes several natural defense systems and the mechanisms for detoxification, including endogenous antioxidants and free radical scavenging enzymes on a cellular level. The book continues its comprehensive analysis of EPA Criteria Air Pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, CO, particulate matter), and volatile organic compounds, as well as soil and water pollution, and expands the chapters on fluoride, environmental metals and metalloid (lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, and arsenic), pesticides and related material such as PCBs and dioxins, and their relationship with endocrine disruption (a new chapter) and environmental cancer, offering more insight on the interaction of various chemical agents with DNA. Based on research from nearly 30 years of teaching environmental toxicology and related courses, the author concludes this text with an introduction to ecological risk assessment and its role in regulation and policymaking.

INTRODUCTION Study of environmental toxicology Worldwide development in recent decades Environmental pollution and law Importance of environmental toxicology Toxicity testing - a brief review ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AND HEALTH Our changing environment Our changing disease pattern Examples of environmental diseases OCCURRENCE OF TOXICANTS Introduction Smoke or smog Offensive odors Agricultural damage Intoxication of animals Injuries to humans Acute and chronic effects DAMAGE PROCESS AND ACTION OF TOXICANTS Introduction Plants Mammalian organism Mechanism of action FACTORS AFFECTING XENOBIOTIC ACTION Introduction Physicochemical properties Dose/concentration Duration and mode of exposure Environmental factors Interaction Biological factors Nutritional factors METABOLISM OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS Introduction Types of biotransformation Mechanism of biotransformation Consequence of biotransformation Factors influencing biotransformation Characteristics of the cytochrome P450s DEFENSE RESPONSES TO TOXICANTS Introduction Responses of humans/animals Responses of plants AIR POLLUTION - INORGANIC GASES Introduction Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen dioxide Ozone Carbon monoxide AIR POLLUTION - PARTICULATE MATTER Introduction Characteristics Formation of particulates Health effects Silica Beryllium Asbestos ENVIRONMENTAL FLUORIDE Introduction Occurrence and forms of fluoride Sources of environmental fluoride Industrial sources of fluoride in the environment Effects on plants Effects on animals Effects on humans VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Introduction Sources Petroleum hydrocarbons Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION - ENVIRONMENTAL METALS AND METALLOIDS Introduction Lead Cadmium Mercury Nickel Arsenic PESTICIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS Introduction Insecticides Herbicides Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Polybrominated biphenyls Dioxin ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION Introduction Review of hormonal function Characteristics of endocrine disrupters Mode of action Examples of endocrine disruption Hormonal cancers Testing estrogenicity MUTAGENIC POLLUTANTS Introduction Types of mutation Effect of mutations Induction of mutation ENVIRONMENTAL CANCER Introduction Causes of cancer Stages in the development of cancer Metastasis Classification of carcinogens Metabolism of chemical carcinogens DNA repair RISK ASSESSMENT/TESTING Introduction Basic components of a risk assessment Use of ecological risk assessment Importance of ecological risk assessment Frameworks for ecological risk assessment Usefulness of ecological risk assessment predictions

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Environmental toxicology : biological and health effects of pollutants

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