Neuronal Input Pathways to the Brain's Biological Clock and their Functional Significance
著者
書誌事項
Neuronal Input Pathways to the Brain's Biological Clock and their Functional Significance
（Advances in anatomy, embryology and cell biology, v. 182）
Springer, 2006
大学図書館所蔵 件 / 全5件
-
該当する所蔵館はありません
- すべての絞り込み条件を解除する
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Rhythmic changes in physiology and behaviour within a 24 h period occur in living organisms on earth to meet the challenges associated with the daily changes in the external environment. The circadian pacemaker responsible for the temporal internal organisation and the generation of endogenous rhythms of approximately 24 h is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in mammals. The endogenous period generated by the pacemaker is close to, but generally not equal to 24 h and the biological clock therefore needs to be daily adjusted (entrained) by external cues. The daily alteration of light and darkness due to the rotation of our planet on its own axis in relation to the sun is the most prominent "zeitgeber" which adjusts the phase of the circadian rhythms to the astronomical day length, a process known as photoentrainment. In mammals, light is perceived only through photoreceptors located in the retina. Light information is mediated to the SCN via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) by activation of the classical photoreceptor system of rods and cones and a more recently identified system of intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) using melanopsin as a photopigment.
目次
Introduction.- The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).- The endogenous rhythm of the SCN.- The SCN molecular clock.- Photic regulation of the circadian rhythm.- Retinal input - Neuroanatomy.- Neurotransmitters in the RHT.- Glutamate and PACAP.- Other neurotransmitters of the RHT.- RHT neurotransmitter receptors in the SCN.-Melanopsin - an irradiance detecting photopigment of the RHT.- Retinal input - Physiology.- Non-photic regulation of the circadian rhythms.- Midbrain raphe input - Neuroanatomy.- 5-HT and regulation of the circadian system.- The intergeniculate leaflet and the geniculohypothalamic tract - neuroanatomy.- Effects of NPY on circadian rhythm during subjective day.- NPY modulates light-induced phase shift during subjective night.- Summary
「Nielsen BookData」 より