The English language : a linguistic history
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Bibliographic Information
The English language : a linguistic history
Oxford University Press, 2006
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Note
Includes bibliographical references (p. [507]-516) and index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
Starting from its Indo-European past, this title surveys the development of the English language. Beginning with a discussion of how language changes, it examines historical change in English from its Indo-European start through its major periods (Old English, Middle English, Early Modern English, and Modern English).
Table of Contents
- List of Tables
- List of Figures
- List of Sample Texts
- Acknowledgements
- Preface
- Introduction
- Text Overview
- Note on Punctuation
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 1: Studying the History of English
- Reasons for Studying the History of English
- A Definition of Language
- The Components of Language
- Linguistic Change in English
- The Periods of English
- An Example of Linguistic Change
- The Nature of Linguistic Change
- The Inevitability of Change
- The Arbitrary Nature of the Linguistic Sign
- The Origin of Language
- Attitudes Toward Linguistic Change
- Linguistic Corruption
- Prescriptivism vs. Descriptivism
- Resources for Studying the History of English
- Chapter 2: The Sounds and Writing of English
- The Sounds of English
- The Phonetic Alphabet
- The Phoneme
- The Production of Speech
- Consonants
- The Consonants of English
- Vowels
- The Vowels of English
- Stress
- The Writing of English
- The History of Writing
- The Origin of the Alphabet
- Chapter 3: Causes and Mechanisms of Language Change
- Causes of Change
- Internal
- External
- Mechanisms of Change
- Phonological Change
- Determining Sounds from Written Records
- The Nature of Sound Change
- Types of Sound Change
- Morphological and Syntactic Change
- Analogy
- Grammaticalization
- Conservative and Innovative Changes
- Semantic Change
- Types of Semantic Change
- Some Generalizations About Semantic Change
- Chapter 4: Indo-European
- Classification of Languages
- Typological Classification
- Genealogical Classification
- Language Families
- The Indo-European Language Family
- The Discovery of Indo-European
- The Branches of Indo-European
- Proto-Language
- Reconstruction
- Proto-Indo-European
- Linguistic Features
- Society
- Homeland
- Nostratic Theory
- Chapter 5: Germanic and the Development of Old English
- Proto-Germanic
- Grammatical and Lexical Changes from PIE to Germanic
- Phonological Changes from PIE to Germanic
- First Sound Shift
- Accent Shift and Ordering of Changes
- Vowel Changes
- Second Sound Shift and Mechanisms of Change
- A Brief History of Anglo-Saxon England
- The Germanic Settlement of England
- The Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons
- The Scandinavian Invasions of England
- The Records of the Anglo-Saxons
- The Dialects of Old English
- The Written Records of Old English
- Chapter 6: The Sounds and Words of Old English
- The Orthographic System of Old English
- The Phonological System of Old English
- Consonants
- Vowels
- Sound Changes
- The Word Stock of the Anglo-Saxons
- Core Germanic Vocabulary
- Borrowing in Old English
- Word Formation in Old English
- Stress
- Chapter 7: The Grammar of Old English
- The Nominal System
- The Grammatical Categories of the Noun
- Pronouns
- Nouns
- Demonstratives, Adjectives, and Adverbs
- Agreement
- Case Usage
- The Verbal System
- Verb Classes
- The Grammatical Categories of the Verb
- Inflectional Endings of the Verb
- Syntax
- Verbal Periphrases
- Word Order
- Chapter 8: The Rise of the Middle English: Words and Sounds
- French and English in Medieval England
- The Norman Conquest
- The Establishment of French
- The Re-establishment of English
- The Word Stock of Middle English
- French Influence
- Latin Influence
- The Written Records of Middle English
- Middle English Dialects
- Middle English Literature
- Orthographic Changes
- Consonant Changes
- Vowel Changes
- Qualitative Changes
- Quantitative Changes
- Chapter 9: The Grammar of Middle English and Rise of a Written Standard
- Vowel Reduction and its Effects
- Grammatical Developments in Middle English
- Adjectives and Nouns
- Pronouns
- Loss of Grammatical Gender
- Verbs
- Syntax
- Change from Synthetic to Analytic
- Middle English as a Creole?
- The Rise of a Standard Dialect
- Chapter 10: The Sounds and Inflections of Early Modern English
- The Great Vowel Shift
- Nature of the Shift
- Details of the Shift
- Changes in the Short Vowels and Diphthongs
- Changes in Consonants
- Renaissance Respellings
- Changes in Nominal Inflected Forms
- Nouns
- Pronouns
- Case Usage
- Changes in Verbal Inflected Forms
- Verb Classes
- Inflectional Endings
- Chapter 11: Early Modern English Verbal Constructions and 18th Century Prescriptivism
- Early Modern English Syntax
- Reflexive and Impersonal Verbs
- The Subjunctive and the Modal Auxiliaries
- Verbal Periphrases
- Do
- Word Order
- The Rise of Prescriptivism
- Renaissance Concerns About the Language
- Social, Linguistic, and Philosophical Reasons for Prescriptivism
- Important Prescriptive Grammarians of the 18th Century
- Aims of the 18th Century Grammarians
- Ascertainment
- An Academy
- Methods of the 18th Century Grammarians
- Authority
- Model of Latin
- Etymology
- Reason
- The Question of Usage
- Dictionaries
- Chapter 12: Modern English
- Grammatical Changes Since Early Modern English
- Modern Borrowings
- The Oxford English Dictionary
- The Development of National Varieties
- British versus North American English
- Canadian English
- Australian and New Zealand English
- African English
- Caribbean English
- Important Regional Varieties
- English in the British Isles
- English in the United States
- Changes in Progress
- Neologisms
- Grammatical Changes
- Glossary of Linguistic Terms
- References
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