The ladder of Jacob : ancient interpretations of the biblical story of Jacob and his children

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The ladder of Jacob : ancient interpretations of the biblical story of Jacob and his children

James L. Kugel

Princeton University Press, c2006

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Includes indexes

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Rife with incest, adultery, rape, and murder, the biblical story of Jacob and his children must have troubled ancient readers. By any standard, this was a family with problems. Jacob's oldest son Reuben is said to have slept with his father's concubine Bilhah. The next two sons, Simeon and Levi, tricked the men of a nearby city into undergoing circumcision, and then murdered all of them as revenge for the rape of their sister. Judah, the fourth son, had sexual relations with his own daughter-in-law. Meanwhile, jealous of their younger sibling Joseph, the brothers conspired to kill him; they later relented and merely sold him into slavery. These stories presented a particular challenge for ancient biblical interpreters. After all, Jacob's sons were the founders of the nation of Israel and ought to have been models of virtue. In the "Ladder of Jacob", renowned biblical scholar James Kugel retraces the steps of ancient biblical interpreters as they struggled with such problems. Kugel reveals how they often fixed on a little detail in the Bible's wording to "deduce" something not openly stated in the narrative. They concluded that Simeon and Levi were justified in killing all the men in a town to avenge the rape of their sister, and that Judah, who slept with his daughter-in-law, was the unfortunate victim of alcoholism. These are among the earliest examples of ancient biblical interpretation (midrash). They are found in retellings of biblical stories that appeared in the closing centuries BCE - in the "Book of Jubilees", the "Aramaic Levi Document", the "Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs", and other noncanonical works. Through careful analysis of these retellings, Kugel is able to reconstruct how ancient interpreters worked. "The Ladder of Jacob" is an artful, compelling account of the very beginnings of biblical interpretation.

目次

Acknowledgments ix List of Abbreviations xi Chapter One: Jacob and the Bible's Ancient Interpreters 1 Chapter Two: The Ladder of Jacob 9 Chapter Three: The Rape of Dinah, and Simeon and Levi's Revenge 36 Chapter Four: Reuben's Sin with Bilhah 81 Chapter Five: How Levi Came to Be a Priest 115 Chapter Six: Judah and the Trial of Tamar 169 Chapter Seven: A Prayer about Jacob and Israel from the Dead Sea Scrolls 186 Notes 223 Subject Index 263 Hebrew Bible Index 271 Index of Motifs Studied 276

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