A system of moral philosophy
著者
書誌事項
A system of moral philosophy
（Continuum classic texts）
Continuum, 2005
- : pbk, set
- v. 1
- v. 2
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注記
A reprint, in two volumes, of the 1755 edition
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Francis Hutcheson (1694-1746) was a key figure in the Scottish Enlightenment and one of the eighteenth century's most influential philosophers. He taught Adam Smith and he greatly influenced Hume and Bentham. His theory that the only proper actions are those which will generally benefit society prepared the way for the English utilitarians. His views were extensively discussed throughout Britain and ranged as far as the American colonies, where his political theory was adopted by revolutionaries. He is best known for his contribution to moral theory, being the chief exponent of the 'moral sense' doctrine which, following Shaftesbury, emphasized feeling rather than reasoning as the source of judgements of virtue and vice. A System of Moral Philosophy was written as early as 1738, but added to and altered by Hutcheson throughout his life. Published posthumously in 1755 by Hutcheson's son, Francis the younger, the System is Hutcheson's longest work and the fullest explanation of his method.
Giving a comprehensive account of morality, it includes discussions of human nature; our duties to God, to each other and ourselves; the supreme good; civil liberty; rights; contracts; marriage; the rights and duties of parents; and the laws of peace and war. The work also contains an argument against slavery that was reprinted in colonial Philadelphia and helped give academic weight to the antislavery movement. William Leechman, a friend of Hutcheson and Professor of Divinity at Glasgow, contributes a highly valuable biography. This edition also includes a new introduction by Daniel Carey.
目次
- VOLUME ONE
- Preface
- Book 1 - Concerning the Constitution of Human Nature, and the Supreme Good
- 1. Of the Constitution of Human Nature and its Powers
- and first, the Understanding, Will, and Passions
- 2. Concerning the finer Powers of Perception
- 3. Concerning the Ultimate Determinations of Will, and benevolent Affections.
- 4. Concerning the Moral Sense, or Faculty of perceiving Moral Excellence, and its Supreme Objects
- 5. The Sense of Honour and Shame explained. The universal Influence of the Moral Sense, and that of honour
- and their Uniformity.
- Book 1. Part 2 - An Enquiry into the Supreme Happiness of Mankind
- 6. How far into the Supreme Sensations, Appetites, Passions and Affections, are in our Power
- 7. A Comparison of the several sorts of Enjoyment, and the opposite sorts of Uneasiness, to find their importance to Happiness
- 8. A Comparison of the several Tempers and Characters in point of Happiness or Misery
- 9. The Duties toward God
- and first, of just Sentiments concerning his Nature
- 10. The Affections, Duty, and Worship, to be exercised toward the Deity
- 11. The Conclusion of this Book, showing the way to the Supreme Happiness of our Nature
- Book 2 - Containing a Deduction of the more special Laws of Nature, and Duties of Life, previous to Civil Government, and other adventitious States
- 1. The Circumstances which increase or diminish the Moral Good or Evil of Actions
- 2. General Rules of Judging about the Morality of Actions, from the Affections exciting them, or opposing them
- 3. The general Notions of Rights and Laws explained
- with their Divisions
- 4. The different States of Men. The State of Liberty not a State of War. The way that private Rights are known. The Necessity of a Social Life
- 5. The private Rights of Men
- first, such as are called Natural
- and the Equality of Men
- 6. The adventitious Rights, real, and personal. Property or Dominion
- 7. The Means of acquiring Property. How far it extends. In what Subjects it resides
- 8. Concerning derived Property, and the Ways of alienating or transferring it
- 9. Concerning Contracts or Covenants
- 10. The Obligations in the Use of Speech
- 11. Concerning Oaths and Vows
- 12. The Values of Goods in Commerce, and the Nature of Coin
- 13. The principal Contracts in a Social Life
- 14. Personal Rights arising from some Actions of the Person obliged, or of him who has the Right
- 15. The Rights arising from Injuries and Damages, done by others: and the Abolition of Rights
- 16. Concerning the general Rights of Human Society, or Mankind as a System
- 17. The extraordinary Rights arising from some singular Necessity
- 18. How Controversies should be decided in Natural Liberty
- Book 3 - Of Civil Policy
- 1. Concerning the adventitious States or permanent Relations: and first, Marriage
- 2. The Rights and Duties of Parents and Children
- 3. The Duties and Rights of Masters and Servants
- 4. The Motives to constitute Civil Government
- 5. The natural Method of constituting Civil Government, and the essential parts of it
- 6. The several Forms of Polity, with their principal Advantages and Disadvantages
- 7. The Rights of Governors, how far they extend
- 8. The Ways in which Supreme Power is acquired: how far just
- 9. Of the Nature of Civil Laws and their Execution
- 10. The Laws of Peace and War
- 11. The Duration of the Politic Union
- and the Conclusion.
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