Virtual fabrication of aluminum products : microstructural modeling in industrial aluminum production
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Virtual fabrication of aluminum products : microstructural modeling in industrial aluminum production
Wiley-VCH, c2006
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Virtual fabrication of aluminium products : microstructural modeling in industrial aluminium fabrication processes
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内容説明・目次
内容説明
This book contains the results of an R&D initiative of the European aluminum industry to apply modern modeling tools so as to develop new methods of virtual fabrication. Industrial experts divulge their own experience to provide a concise overview of the possibilities and success of modeling to date, the critical features and where improved modeling is considered necessary. The book covers the most important aluminum alloys and applications, and concludes with an outlook on the developments envisaged for the next five to ten years. An essential reference for scientists and engineers involved in the aluminum industry and working on aluminum processing and application issues.
目次
Preface. List of Contributors. Introduction (Jurgen Hirsch (Editor)). Part I: Main Al Alloys & Products Industrial Processing and Typical Applications. 1 DC Casting Microstructure and General Specifications (Wolfgang Schneider and Gerd-Ulrich Grun). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Overview on Microstructure Related Specifications of As-cast Material. 1.3 Structural Parameters in D.C. Casting of Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys. 1.4 Summary. References. 2 Al 99,5 for Packaging and Foil Applications EN-AW 1xxx Performance Requirements for Foil Products & Relationship to Microstructure, Alloy Composition and Processing (Richard Hamerton). 2.1 Product Description. 2.2 Material Quality Requirements. 2.3 Aluminium Alloy Class and Chemical Compositions. 2.4 Mechanical Properties at Final Gauge. 2.5 Typical Process Route for DC Cast EN-AW 1200 Foil Products. 2.6 Relationship of Performance to Microstructure and Processing. References. 3 Al-Mn Brazing Sheet for Heat Exchangers EN AW-3xxx Processing, Microstructure, and Properties (Hans-Erik Ekstrom). 3.1 Product Description. 3.2 Aluminium Alloy Class and Chemical Compositions. 3.3 Material Quality Requirements. 3.4 Production Route and Process Details. 3.5 Current Status of Knowledge on Microstructure Evolution and Properties. References. 4 AlMn1Mg1 for Beverage Cans EN-AW 3104 Processing, Microstructure, Simulation and Property Control (Jurgen Hirsch). 4.1 Product Description. 4.2 Material Requirements. 4.3 Aluminium Alloys Used and Chemical Compositions. 4.4 Quality Parameters. 4.5 Production Route and Process Details. 4.6 Simulation of Microstructure Evolution and Properties. References. 5 Al-Mg Sheet for Automotive and Architectural Applications EN-AW 5xxx Processing, Microstructure, Simulation and Property Control (Tim J. Hurd and Menno R. van der Winden). 5.1 Product Description. 5.2 Material Quality Requirement. 5.3 Aluminium Alloy Class and Chemical Compositions. 5.4 Quality Parameters and Typical Customer Specifications for EN-AW 5005. 5.5 Production Route and Process Details. 5.6 Microstructure /Properties Relationships. 5.7 Simulation of Microstructure Evolution and Properties. 5.8 Summary. References. 6 Al-Mg-Si Sheet Alloys for Autobody Applications EN AW-6xxx Processing, Microstructure and Property Control (Eike Brunger, Olaf Engler and Jurgen Hirsch). 6.1 Product Description. 6.2 Aluminium Alloy Class and Chemical Compositions. 6.3 Material Quality Requirements. 6.4 Surface Appearance after Forming. 6.5 Strength after Bake Hardening. 6.6 Production Route and Process Details. References. 7 Extrusions from Heat Treatable Alloys EN AW-6063, EN AW-6082 and EN AW-7108 - Processing, Microstructure, Simulation and Property Control (Tanja Pettersen and Trond Furu). 7.1 Product Description and Applications. 7.2 Material (Quality) Requirements and Typical Customer Specifications. 7.3 Aluminium Alloy Class and Chemical Compositions. 7.4 Production Route and Process Details. 7.5 Microstructure Effects and Properties. 7.6 Modelling Flow Stress, Recrystallization, Microstructures and Textures. References. Part II: Material Models Integrated Process Simulations. 8 Physical Metallurgy Fundamentals of Through-Process Modelling (Gunter Gottstein). 8.1 The Problem. 8.2 Homogenization. 8.3 Roughing or Break-down Rolling. 8.4 Hot Rolling. 8.5 Recovery. 8.6 Recrystallization. 8.7 Grain Growth. 8.8 Texture. 8.9 Cold Rolling. 8.10 Back Annealing. 8.11 Summary. References. 9 Solidification Microstructures in Aluminium Alloys Review of Modelling Approaches (Alain Jacot). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Modelling of Grain Structures on the Process Scale. 9.3 Modelling of Internal Grain Structures. 9.4 Conclusion. Acknowledgments. References. 10 Work Hardening of Aluminium Alloys A Review of Selected Work Hardening Models (Bjorn Holmedal, Erik Nes and Knut Marthinsen). Abstract. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Review of Models. 10.3 Discussion and Application. 10.4 Summary. Acknowledgements. References. 11 Recovery, Recrystallization and Grain Growth Review of Softening Models (Gunter Gottstein). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Phenomenological Models. 11.3 Geometrical Microstructure Models. 11.4 Vertex Models. 11.5 Discrete Models. 11.6 Recovery. 11.7 Texture Models. 11.8 Summary. References. 12 Simulation of Deformation Textures A Review of Latest Grain-interaction Models (Paul Van Houtte, Saiyi Li and Olaf Engler). Abstract. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Description of Models. 12.3 Model Validation. 12.4 Discussion and Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 13 Simulation of Sheet Anisotropy Polycrystal-plasticity Simulation of Earing Profiles from Texture Data (Olaf Engler, Jurgen Hirsch and Stefan Kalz). Abstract. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Polycrystal-plasticity Modelling of Earing Profiles. 13.3 Application of the Earing Model and Assessment of the Predictions. 13.4 Discussion and Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 14 Modelling Microchemistry Simulation of Alloy Effects in Aluminium (Alexis Miroux, Rias (Z.J.) Lok, Erica Anselmino and Sybrand van der Zwaag) 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Microchemistry Interaction with Microstructure and Mechanical Properties. 14.3 Microchemistry Models. 14.4 Integrated Modelling. 14.5 Conclusion. References. 15 Rolling of Aluminium - 1 Thermomechanical Processing and FEM Simulation (Jesus Talamantes-Silva, John H. Beynon and Christophe Pinna). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Thermomechanical Processing of Aluminium Alloys. 15.3 The Tool-stock Interface. 15.4 Thermomechanical Processing Using the Finite Element Method. References. 16 Rolling of Aluminium - 2 Practical Aspects for Finite Element Model Development (Jesus Talamantes-Silva and John H. Beynon). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Selecting an Appropriate Finite Element Code. 16.3 The Finite Element Code. 16.4 Modelling Approach to Hot Rolling. 16.5 Closing Remarks. 17 Forming Simulation Numerical Simulation and Material Models of Aluminium Sheet Forming (Dorel Banabic and A. Erman Tekkaya). Abstract. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 History of Numerical Simulation Methods. 17.3 Industrial Requirements to Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming. 17.4 Various Approaches of Approximate Analysis. 17.5 Current State. 17.6 Material Models. 17.7 Prediction of Forming Limit. 17.8 Expected Future Developments. 17.9 Conclusions. References. Part III: Model Application and Simulation Exercises The "VIRFAB TPM Trials". 18 The VIR[] Projects A European EAA R&D Initiative 2000-2004 (Menno R. van der Winden, Gerd-Ulrich Grun, Trond Furu and Kolstein Asboell). 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 The VIR[] Projects. 18.3 Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 19 Challenges for Through Process Modelling Property Simulation Requirements for Conventional Aluminium Alloys and Products (Kai F. Karhausen and Jurgen Hirsch). 19.1 Challenges for Integrated Process and Microstructure Simulation. 19.2 Modelling of Resulting Properties. 20 Through Process Simulation of EN AW-5182 Sheet Production Integrated Simulation of Microstructure and Resulting Properties (Kai F. Karhausen, Mischa Crumbach, Luc Neumann, Jurgen Hirsch, Matthias Goerdeler, Gunter Gottstein and Reiner Kopp). Abstract. 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Background and Coupling of Sub-models for Through Process Modelling (TPM). 20.3 Vertical Macro-micro Model Integration. 20.4 Integrated Thermo-mechanical Simulation of Sheet Fabrication Proesses. 20.5 Simulation of Microstructure, Texture and Resulting Properties. 20.6 Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 21 Through Process Simulation of EN AW-3103 Sheet Production Modelling the Evolution of Microstructure, Texture, Microchemistry and Mechanical Properties (Knut Marthinsen, Shariar Abtahi, Bjorn Holmedal, Erik Nes, Arve Johansen, Trond Furu, Olaf Engler, Zacharias J. Lok, Alexis Miroux and Jesus Talamantes-Silva). Abstract. 21.1 Introduction. 21.2 Presentation of Sub-models. 21.3 Through Process Modelling. 21.4 Discussion and Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 22 Through Process Simulation of Extrusion Modelling the Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties through the Process Chain (Trond Furu, Anne Lise Dons, Torodd Berstad, Bjorn Holmedal and Knut Marthinsen). Abstract. 22.1 Introduction. 22.2 Modelling Approach. 22.3 Through Process Modelling (TPM), Application and Discussion. 22.4 Concluding Remarks. Acknowledgments. References. Subject Index.
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