Trees at their upper limit : treelife limitation at the alpine timberline
著者
書誌事項
Trees at their upper limit : treelife limitation at the alpine timberline
(Plant ecophysiology / Luit J. De Kok and Ineke Stulen, eds., v. 5)
Springer, c2007
- : hard
大学図書館所蔵 全3件
  青森
  岩手
  宮城
  秋田
  山形
  福島
  茨城
  栃木
  群馬
  埼玉
  千葉
  東京
  神奈川
  新潟
  富山
  石川
  福井
  山梨
  長野
  岐阜
  静岡
  愛知
  三重
  滋賀
  京都
  大阪
  兵庫
  奈良
  和歌山
  鳥取
  島根
  岡山
  広島
  山口
  徳島
  香川
  愛媛
  高知
  福岡
  佐賀
  長崎
  熊本
  大分
  宮崎
  鹿児島
  沖縄
  韓国
  中国
  タイ
  イギリス
  ドイツ
  スイス
  フランス
  ベルギー
  オランダ
  スウェーデン
  ノルウェー
  アメリカ
注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The product of decades of intensive research into alpine timberlines, this book presents a complete synthesis of current knowledge on the ecophysiology of tree growth and survival on high mountains in Europe. Amid growing realization that high elevation forests have a crucial role to play in protection against natural hazards, this book sets a new standard for research on the ecophysiology of trees growing at the alpine timberline.
目次
Preface. Contributors.-
1. Current concepts for treelife limitation at the upper timberline. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Altitudinal position of the upper timberline and its relation to climate. 1.3 Current concepts of upper tree life limits. 1.3.1 Climatic stress. 1.3.2 Disturbance. 1.3.3 Insufficient carbon balance. 1.3.4 Limitation to cell growth and tissue formation. 1.3.5 Nutritional limitation. 1.3.6 Limited regeneration. References.-
2. Climate at the upper timberline. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Effects of altitude. 2.3 Effects of topography. 2.4 Canopy and soil temperatures. References.-
3. Soils - heterogeneous at a microscale. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Specific pedogenetic factors at the timberline. 3.2.1 Parent material. 3.2.2 Precipitation. 3.2.3 Soil moisture. 3.2.4 Soil temperature. 3.2.5 Erosion processes and soil age. 3.2.6 Permafrost. 3.2.7 Vegetation and soil. 3.2.8 Timberline fluctuations. 3.2.9 Grazing. 3.3 Soil types and humus forms. 3.3.1 Soils on siliceous parent material. 3.3.2 Soils on calcareous parent material. References.-
4. Mycorrhiza in the alpine timberline ecotone: nutritional implications. 4.1 Introduction. Mycorrhizal symbioses in the alpine-treeline ecotone. 4.3 Nutritional aspects with special reference to organic nitrogen. 4.4 Concluding remarks. References.-
5. Vegetation at the upper timberline. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Growth forms at the timberline. 5.3 Plant communities at the timberline. 5.3.1 Spruce forests (Picea abies communities). 5.3.2 Fir forests (Abies alba communities). 5.3.3 Larch-Swiss stone pine forests (Larix decidua-Pinus cembra communities). 5.3.4 Larch forests (Larix decidua communities). 5.3.5 Pinus uncinata forests. 5.3.6 Prostrate pine scrub (Pinus mugo communities). 5.3.7 Sycamore-beech forest (Acer pseudoplatanus-Fagus sylvatica communities). 5.3.8 Green alder and willow scrub. 5.3.9 Dwarf shrub heath. 5.3.10 Substitutional communities due to human landuse at the timberline. References.-
6. Limitation by an insufficient carbon assimilation and allocation. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Uptake and loss of carbon dioxide. 6.2.1 Net photosynthetic capacity and specific respiratory capacity of trees in the timberline ecotone. 6.2.2 Net photosynthetic capacity and specific respiratory activity with respect to altitude. 6.2.3 Environmental constraints of carbon dioxide gas exchange. 6.3 Carbon balance and allocation. 6.3.1 The carbon balance. 6.3.2 Carbon allocation. 6.4 Carbon accumulation of trees in the timberline ecotone. 6.4.1 Dry matter accumulation patterns. 6.4.2 Changes in carbon accumulation with tree age. 6.5 Net ecosystem production at timberline. References.-
7. Limitation by growth processes. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Shoot growth at low temperatures. 7.3 Root growth at low soil temperature. 7.4 Threshold temperature for growth. References.-
8. Limits in water relations. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Precipitation, soil moisture and evaporation. 8.3 Transpiration. 8.4 Water Transport. 8.5 Water uptake. 8.6 Water balance. References.-
9. Phytopathogens at the alpine timberline. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Fungal pathogens at the alpine timberline. 9.3 Effects of the needle rust Chrysomyxa on Norway spruce. References.-
10. Frost resistance at the upper timberline. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Frost damage. 10.2.1 Winter. 10.2.2 Frost hardening capacity. 10.2.3 Summer. 10.2.4 Rate of temperature change. References.-
11. Photo-oxidative stress at the timberline. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Mechanisms of ROS production in green plant cells under stress. 11.3 Antioxidative and photoprotective systems in plant cells. 11.4 Factors causing photo-oxidative stress at the timberline. 11.5 Antioxidative and photoprotecti
「Nielsen BookData」 より