The party of order : the conservatives, the state, and slavery in the Brazilian monarchy, 1831-1871

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The party of order : the conservatives, the state, and slavery in the Brazilian monarchy, 1831-1871

Jeffrey D. Needell

Stanford University Press, 2006

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Includes bibliographical references and index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

This study analyzes Brazil's monarchy, which adapted European ideas and practices to a creole plantation society that was traditionally based on African slavery. It focuses upon the Conservatives, who represented the sugar and coffee elites in reconstructing the new nation's state as a strong, representative, constitutional monarchy in troubled times. After the monarch himself assumed power, however, his views undercut parliamentary and party government, which were also sapped by regional differences and the pressure for state patronage. Increasingly, the emperor and his cabinets used state patronage and state authority to dominate politics. When the emperor decided upon gradualist abolition, Conservatives were unable to defeat it, despite its unconstitutional origin and imposition and its threat to the society and economy they represented. The legacy of an authoritarian, centralized political culture survived; that of a representative, constitutional regime did not. This book dramatically revises notions of the monarchy in terms of the social and ideological origins and nature of the Brazilian state, the role of the monarch, and the range and complexity of elite politics in the era.

Table of Contents

Contents Acknowledgements. Notes on Names, Spelling, Translation, and Dates. Maps: City of Rio de Janeiro, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Empire of Brazil. Introduction: "An Obscured Genesis." Chapter One: "The Port and Province of Rio de Janeiro." Chapter Two: "The Threat of Revolution and the Reactionary Mobilization: 1831-1837." Chapter Three: "Political Theory, Partisan Practice, and the Emperor's Emergence: 1837-1848." Chapter Four: "Provincial Politics, Foreign Affairs, and Patronage: 1848- 1853." Chapter Five: "The Transformation of Politics and the State: 1853-1867." Chapter Six: "Abolition, War, and the Vindication of Constitutional Government: 1867-1871." Chapter Seven: "The Defeat of the Party: The Political Crisis of 1871." Conclusion: "Legacy and Metamorphosis." Genealogical Tables. Reference Matter. Index

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