The popes and the Baltic Crusades, 1147-1254

Bibliographic Information

The popes and the Baltic Crusades, 1147-1254

by Iben Fonnesberg-Schmidt

(The northern world : North Europe and the Baltic c. 400-1700 A.D. : peoples, economies and cultures, v. 26)

Brill, 2007

Available at  / 12 libraries

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Bibliography: p. [257]-275

Includes index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

The Popes and the Baltic Crusades examines the extension of the crusading idea from the Holy Land to the Baltic region. Highlighting the interplay between canon law, missionary ideas and politics, it shows how papal policy on the campaigns against the pagan peoples of north-eastern Europe developed from Pope Eugenius III's proclamation of a crusade against the Slavs in 1147 to the end of Innocent IV's pontificate in 1254. It also discusses the interaction between Rome and the princes and bishops of the Baltic region and demonstrates how these local leaders influenced papal crusading policy. The volume shows the variety of the crusading movement of the central Middle Ages and offers a contribution to the ongoing debate about the nature and definition of crusading.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements .. ix Abbreviations .. xi Note on Names .. xiii Maps .. xv Introduction .. 1 Sources and literature .. 13 Chapter One: Papal policy on the Baltic crusades to 1198 .. 23 The pontificate of Eugenius III (1145-53) .. 27 Mission and crusade in the Baltic region during the pontificate of Alexander III (1159-81) .. 52 The later twelfth century .. 65 Conclusions .. 75 Chapter Two: Innocent III (1198-1216) and the crusades in the Baltic region .. 79 Innocent III and the Baltic crusades .. 91 Innocent III and mission among non-Christians .. 113 Innocent III and the care for the newly converted .. 117 Conclusions .. 128 Chapter Three: Honorius III (1216-27) and the crusades in the Baltic region .. 133 Honorius III and the Baltic crusades .. 136 Honorius III and the Dominicans .. 153 Honorius III and mission among non-Christians .. 162 Honorius III and the new Church in the Baltic region .. 179 Conclusions .. 183 Chapter Four: Papal policy on the Baltic crusades during the pontificates of Gregory IX (1227-41) and Innocent IV (1243-54) .. 187 Crusades in Prussia during the pontificate of Gregory IX .. 192 Gregory IX and the crusades in Livonia, Estonia and Finland .. 206 Gregory IX, the mendicant orders and the conversion of non-Christians .. 210 The curia and the campaigns against the Russians .. 215 Innocent IV and the Prussian crusades .. 224 Innocent IV and the royal Danish crusades in the Baltic .. 235 Innocent IV and mission among non-Christians .. 239 The Baltic crusades after Innocent IV .. 240 Conclusions .. 246 Chapter Five The popes and the Baltic crusades: conclusions and reflections .. 249 Bibliography .. 257 Index .. 277

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