Sociology
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Bibliographic Information
Sociology
Pearson Prentice Hall, c2006
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Note
Includes bibliographical references (p. 395-412) and index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
For one-quarter/semester Introductory Sociology courses at 4-year schools.
With a straight-forward, one-color presentation, Jonathan Turner offers the most comprehensive and theoretical introduction to sociology. This format allows students to read and focus on what is most important . The extensive table of contents offers choices when considering the material to be covered in a typical course in a modular, yet integrated way. With uncommon depth and breadth of coverage, Sociology covers the most important key concepts and ideas from the world of sociology.
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Prologue: Gaining Perspective from a Timeline of Human Society
PART I: THE SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION
Chapter 1: The Origins and Nature of Sociology
Auguste Comte
Harriet Martineau
Sociology and the Enlightenment
Herbert Spencer
Emile Durkheim
Karl Marx
Max Weber
The Early American Tradition
George Herbert Mead
The Chicago School of Sociology and its Competitors
The Early Emphasis on Sociological Practice
Jane Adams and Hull House
William E. B. Du Bois
The Study of Sociology Today
Chapter 2: The Scientific Method and Sociology
The Nature of Science
Methods in Sociology
Experiments
Surveys
Observations
Histories
Does Science Take Away Humanism?
Scientific Sociology and Social Practice
Chapter 3: Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Problems in Developing Scientific Theories
Theoretical Orientations in Sociology
Functional Theorizing
Evolutionary Theories
Ecological Theories
Conflict Theories
Critical Theories
Postmodern Theories
Interactionist Theories
Utilitarian Theories
The State of Theory in Sociology
PART II: BASIC ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
Chapter 4: Biology
Natural Selection as a Driving Force
The Evolution of Primates
The Biological Parameters of Human Organization
The Consequences of Visual Dominance
The Consequences of Having a Large Brain
The Consequences of Being Bi-pedal
Human Nature
Human Biological Capacities
Large Brains and Culture
The Brain and Emotions
The Brain and Vision
The Brain and Language
The Body and Culture
Human Biology and Behavioral Propensities
Sex and Behavior
Human Sociality
Reciprocity
Attention to Face
Attention to Emotions
Rationality
Nature vs. Nurture
Chapter 5: Culture
A World of Symbols
Symbols and Society
Systems of Symbols
Language
Technology
Values
Beliefs
Norms
Stocks of Knowledge
Cultural Variations
Cultural Conflict
Subcultures
Cultural Contradictions
Ethnocentrism
Culture and Media
Chapter 6: Social Structure
Basic Building Blocks of Social Structure
Positions
Roles
Status-sets
Role-sets
Role-Strain and Role-Conflict
Networks of Positions
Dimensions of Structure
Types of Social Structures
Corporate Units
Encounters
Groups
Organizations
Communities
Categoric Structures
Stratification Systems
Institutional Systems
Societies
Inter-societal Systems
Levels of Social Structure
The Power of Social Structure
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 7: Social Interaction
Symbolic Interaction
The Dramatic Presentation of Self
The Implicit Use of Folk Methods
Interaction in Roles
Interaction with Reference Groups
Interaction and the Social Order
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 8: Socialization
Socialization and Society
The Process of Socialization
Stages of Socialization
Socialization into Early Adulthood
Adult Socialization
Agents of Socialization
Individuals
Groups
Organizations
Categories
Community
Media
Institutional Spheres
Stability and Change in the Social Order
Chapter 9: Social Control
The Problem of Order
Forces of Disorder
Population Size
Differentiation
Inequality
Macro Forces of Social Control: Markets and Government
Micro-level Forces of Social Control
Socialization
Sanctioning
Rituals
Segregation of Activities
Meso-level Forces of Social Control
Organizations
Communities
Deviance
The Functional Theory of Structural Strain
The Conflict Perspective on Deviance
Interactionist Approaches to Deviance
Utilitarian Theories of Deviance
Summary
Key Terms
PART III: TYPES OF SOCIAL STRUCTURES: CORPORATE UNITS
Chapter 10: Encounters
Focused Encounters
Rituals
Forms of Talk
Frames
Categorization
Body Language
Emotions
Roles
Self and Identity
Props
Demography and Ecology
The Person, Culture, and Social Structure
Unfocused Encounters
Chapter 11: Groups
The Power of Groups
Primary and Secondary Groups
The Effects of Group Size
Size and the Changing Structure of the Group
The Respective Power of Primary and Secondary Groups
Group Dynamics
Leadership
Decision-making
Cohesiveness and Solidarity
Free Riding
Clique and Subgroup Formation
Expectation States
Referencing and Reference Groups
Virtual Groups
Bottlenecks
Chapter 12: Organizations
Max Weber's Ideal Type of Formal Organizations
Types of Formal Organizations
The Ecology of Organizations
The Internal Dynamics of Organizations
The Informal System
Authority
Authority and Conflict
Tasks and Authority
Control and Authority
Organizational Culture
Problems of Personnel
Parkinson's Law
The "Peter Principle"
Ritualism
Alienation
The Changing Structure of Formal Organizations
Pressures from Technology
Pressures from Globalization
Hyperrationality
Chapter 13: Communities
Urbanization
Agriculture and Urbanization
Industrialization and Urbanization
Early Studies of City Life
The Chicago School and Urban Ecology
The Study of Urban Life
Suburbanization
The Emergence of Suburbs
Studies of Suburban Life
Early Studies of Suburban Life
Later Studies of Suburban Life
Exurbia
Metropolitan Regions
New Urban Trends
Resettlement of the Core City
Mega and World Cities
PART IV: TYPES OF SOCIAL STRUCTUES: STRATIFICATION OF CATEGORIC UNITS
Chapter 14: Class Stratification
Stratification
What is Class Stratification?
Analyzing Stratification
Karl Marx on Stratification
Max Weber on Stratification
The Functional Theory of Stratification
Evolutionary Theories of Stratification
Class Systems
Pierre Bourdieu's Analysis of "Distinction"
The Class System and Public Behavior
Class Stratification in America
Inequalities of Resources
Class Formation
Poverty in America
Summary
Key Terms
Chapter 15: Ethnic Stratification
Race and Ethnicity
Race as a Social Construct
Prejudice and Discrimination
The Dynamics of Ethnic Stratification
The Relative Resources of Ethnic Populations
The Identifiability of an Ethnic Population
The Level and Type of Discrimination
The Degree of Threat Posed by an Ethnic Population
Prejudicial Beliefs about an Ethnic Population
A Model of Ethnic Antagonism
Ethnic Discrimination in America
Native Americans
African Americans
Latinos
Mexican-Americans
Puerto Ricans
Cuban Americans
Asian Americans
White Americans
The United States as a Multi-ethnic Society
Chapter 16: Gender Stratification
Sex and Gender
Explanations for Gender Stratification
Sociobiological Theories
Functional Theories
Conflict Theories
Interactionist Theories
A General Model of Gender Stratification
Gender Stratification in America
The Cycles of the Gender Stratification System
The Feminist Movement
PART V: INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEMS
Chapter 17: Economy
Basic Elements of All Economies
Technology
Labor
Capital
Entrepreneurship
Types of Economies
Hunting and Gathering Economies
Horticultural Economies
Agrarian Economies
Industrial Economies
Post-industrial Economies
Trends in Post-industrial Economies
The Reorganization of Production
The Production of Services
The Expansion of Markets
Hyperdifferentiation
Hyperrationality
Post-industrial Economies: An Overview
The American Economy
Oligopoly
Multinationalization of Corporations
Declining Union Membership
Professionalization
Government and the Economy
Growing Inequality
Increasing Risk for Workers
Chapter 18: Government
The Emergence of Polity
Basic Elements of All Polities
The Bases of Power
The Coercive Base of Power
The Symbolic Base of Power
The Administrative Base of Power
The Material Incentive Base of Power
The Rise of the State
Trends in Governmental Organization
The Growing Scale of Government
The Bureaucratization of Government
Centralization of Government
The Importance of Law
The Increasing Reliance on Material Incentives
The Decline in Coercive Repression
Democratization
Government in America
The Structure of American Government
The Growth in Government
Government and Taxation
Problems and Dilemmas in American Governance
Is There A Power Elite?
Voting and Political Power
Legislative Decision-making
Centralization of Power
Americans' Ambivalence about Government
Chapter 19: Kinship and Family
Explanations of Kinship
Sociobiological Explanations
Functional Explanations
Basic Elements of Kinship
Marriage Rules
Descent Rules
Residence Rules
Rules of Family Size and Composition
Rules on the Division of Labor
Rules of Authority
Rules of Dissolution
Historical Trends in the Structure of Kinship
From Relative Equality
Toward Growing Inequality and Patriarchy
A Conflict Perspective on Family
Kinship in America
The Basic Structure
Romantic Love and Marriage
Divorce and Dissolution in American Families
Single-parent Households
Family Violence
An Empty Nest Syndrome?
Emerging Alternative Families
Gay and Lesbian Couples
Cohabitation
Families without Children
Being Single
The Future of the Family in America
Chapter 20: Religion
Basic Elements of Religion
The Sacred and Profane
Beliefs and Values
Rituals
Cult Structures
The Evolution of Religion
Religion in Simple Hunting-gathering Societies
The Elaboration of Religion
The Trend Toward Simplification of Religions
A Conflict Perspective on Religion
Religion in America
The History of Religion in America
The Ecology of Religion in America
Religious Conflict in America
Religiosity in America
Social Characteristic of Religious Memberships
Religion and Income
Religion and Education
Religion and Family
Religion and Politics
Race, Ethnicity, and Religion
Chapter 21: Education
The Emergence of Formal Education
Explaining the Dynamics of Education
A Functionalist Explanation
The Conflict Theory Corrective to Functional Analysis
A Further Corrective from an Interactionist Perspective
The Structure of Educational Systems
Education in America
The Structure of Lower American Education
Mass Education
Education and Democracy
Decentralization
Privatization
Home Schooling
Year-Round Schooling
Higher Education in America
The Scale of the System
The Diversity of the System
The Research Mission
Students in the System
Enduring Problems and Dilemmas of Lower Education
Schools and Stratification
Discipline and Violence
School Finances
Vouchers and School Choice
Declining Academic Standards
Enduring Problems in Higher Education
Credentialism
Funding
Teaching vs. Research
Corporatization
Affirmative Action, Diversity, and Equity
PART VI: SOCIAL CHANGE AND TRANSFORMATION
Chapter 22: Social Movements
Preconditions of Social Movements
Conditions Leading to the Emergence of a Social Movement
Conditions Increasing Participation in Social Movements
The Intensification of Dissent
Social Networks and Recruiting Members
Justifying Movement Participation: Beliefs and Frames
Resources and Social Movement Organizations
Collective Behavior
Theoretical Approaches to Crowd Behavior
Types of Crowds
The Context of Crowd Behavior
Social Movements and Change
The Aftermath of Dissent
Chapter 23: Revolution, War, and Terrorism
Collective Violence in Societies
Revolutions
Civil Wars
War
A Brief History of Warfare
Modern Warfare
The Consequences of Mass Violence
The Aftermath of Mass Violence
The Effects of War and War Preparedness
Terrorism
Is Terrorism Increasing?
Explaining Terrorism
World System Dynamics and Terrorism
Chapter 24: Globalization
Forces of Globalization
Technological Innovations
Warfare and the State
Markets
Problems with Globalization
Outsourcing and the Loss of Jobs
Stalled Development
Environmental Degradation
World Inequality
World-level Misery
Determining the Level of World Inequality
Trends in Inequality
Problems Posed by World Inequality
Malthusian Problems
Geopolitical Problems
Geoeconomic Problems
Explaining Global Inequality
Modernization Approaches
Dependency Approaches
World Systems Approaches
Factors Favoring or Retarding Economic Growth
Chapter 25: Population and Ecology
Population and Demography
Population Size and Growth
The Demographic Transition
Characteristics of the Population
Population Movements
Ecology and the Environment
Ecosystem Processes
Ecological Disruption
Population, Pollution, and Sociocultural Organization
Glossary
Index
by "Nielsen BookData"