The chemical element : a historical perspective
著者
書誌事項
The chemical element : a historical perspective
（Greenwood guides to great ideas in science）
Greenwood Press, 2006
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. [171]-173) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
One of the most familiar features of any high-school chemistry lab is the Periodic Table of Elements. Elegant, informative, useful to any student in the lab - the Periodic Table neatly summarizes our scientific knowledge of the chemical elements from hydrogen to uranium and beyond - atomic number, atomic weight, isotopes, and more. But how did scientists discover all of these features of the elements? How did the Periodic Table come to be? And, even more basically, how did the concept of the chemical element come to dominate how scientists understand chemistry? This book shows readers the answers to these and other questions regarding the scientific understanding of matter.
The Chemical Element, a volume in the Greenwood Guides to Great Ideas in Science, traces the history of this tremendously powerful concept from the ancient philosophers to the present day. The volume covers: the idea of the elements held by Aristotle and the other ancient Greek philosophers; how Chinese, Arabic and other ancient civilizations thought about the elements; Mendeleyev and the creation of the Periodic Table of Elements, the predictive power of which helped in the discovery of dozens of new elements; and the discovery of the artificial elements that are heavier than uranium
Jargon and mathematics is kept to a minimum, and the volumes includes a timeline, a glossary, and a bibliography, making The Chemical Element an ideal resource for students researching chemistry and the history and nature of the scientific understanding of the world around us.
目次
1. Egyptian god Osiris.
2. Geometric solids.
3. Zeno's paradox.
4. Aristotle's model of the Universe.
5. Aristotle's Four Elements and Four Qualities.
6. Yin Yang symbol.
7. Alchemical symbols for materials and planets.
8. The Alchemist by David Teniers the Younger, c. 1645.
9. Robert Boyle's air pump.
10. Joseph Priestley's pneumatic trough used for collecting gases.
11. Lavoisier's constant pressure gas pump and reaction vessels.
12. The calorimeter.
13. Lavoisier's table of simple substances from Elements of Chemistry (1790).
14. Dalton's elements and common "atoms." From John Dalton, New System of Chemical Philosophy (1808)
15. Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen's spectrocope, from "Chemical analysis by Observation of Spectra," (1860).
16. Mendeleev's periodic table from Annalen der Chemie, (1872).
17. Ceria and yttria isolation.
18. Ultramicroscope.
19. Fission.
20. Fusion.
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