Homeland conceptions and ethnic integration among Kazakhstan's Germans and Koreans
著者
書誌事項
Homeland conceptions and ethnic integration among Kazakhstan's Germans and Koreans
（Mellen studies in geography, v. 13）
E. Mellen Press, c2004
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. [145]-166) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Through comparative analysis of the reactions of Kazakhstan's Germans and Koreans to the emergence of an independent Republic of Kazakhstan, this book enhances understanding of the conflicting dynamics of socio-political integration in post-Soviet space, the role played by "kin-states" in the creation or negation of "return myths", and the significance of small-scale homelands in the process of de- and re-territorializing identity. Preface In recent years there has been a rapid growth in the number of studies exploring the impact of globalization on ethno-national identity construction, much of it tending to emphasize the increasingly transnationalized, homeless, diasporic quality of life in a post-modern world that is undergoing a dramatic process of deterritorialization. Yet as Billig, Edensor and others have convincingly shown, national identity continues to be reinforced in countless banal ways, not only through official policies and formal cultural rituals and ceremonies, but also and perhaps more importantly through informal popular networks and everyday life-paths of the public that shares that identity.
A major part of the performative ways in which national identity is re-enacted and reinforced is in the images, representations and material expressions of homeland, which helps to ground and legitimize the idea of nation through a dynamic process of de- and re-territorialization across a multiplicity of geographic scales. More geographically sensitive studies of identity that investigate the discursive and material ways in which place, power, and scale interact in the making, un-making and re-making of cultural communities are beginning to emerge, but there is much work that remains to be done. In the present work, Diener provides a valuable contribution to this geographic research agenda. His focus on identity as a discursive field and a category of practice that is constituted through a sense of place and a process of reterritorialization engages with and makes its own contribution to the leading edge works in the fields of cultural and political geography, political anthropology and ethnosociology.
His focus of attention on two of the deported peoples whose members were forcibly resettled in Kazakhstan provides an exceptionally clear lens through which to assess the reterritorializing and rescaling of place and identity among diasporic communities. Diener's conceptual framework goes well beyond Brubaker's notion of a triadic relational nexus between nationalizing state, homeland or 'kin' state and ethnic minority, and examines the localized sense of homeland that exists toward the "areas of compact living" that were set up to give territorial expression to ethnic group identity during the soviet era. Originally created as territories meant to contain and control the movement of deported peoples whose loyalties to the state were viewed as suspect, these territories became places in which ethnic identity was reconstituted, reimagined and reinforced. Even today, when few Koreans live in their "areas of compact living," Diener's study finds that there remains a general sense of homeland toward these places, a feeling that Korean identity is secure so long as these places exist.
On the other hand, German emigration and the in-migration of ethnic others into the German areas of compact living have fundamentally disrupted the local scale at which German identity was reterritorialized. This is the first detailed study of these localized ethnic raions and the role they have played in the rescaling and reterritorialization of diasporic identity in post-soviet space. They also raise serious questions about the idea of diasporas as deterritorialized or 'placeless' communities. Beyond this contribution, Diener's focus on two diasporic communities-the Koreans and Germans - whose circumstances of arrival in the Russian Empire, experiences of ethnic discrimination and pro-Bolshevik stances, and conditions under which deportation to Kazakhstan were all quite comparable, yet whose relationship to the nationalizing state of Kazakhstan, to their 'kin states' and to their localized homelands in Kazakhstan are very different - provides a well-designed research project that helps uncover the factors contributing to the reterritorialization and rescaling of diasporic identity.
In particular, this study provides a very clear if multidimensional explanation for why Germans have been much more likely to emigrate than Koreans, and why even the Germans who remain behind are much more likely in surveys to express a desire to leave. This variability in propensity to emigrate is reflective of the degree to which a civic sense of place and identity toward Kazakhstan - a Kazakhstani identity - has developed, and Diener's study provides a very solid discussion of the historical, place-based, socioeconomic and political factors contributing to this differentiation. This study also provides a thorough examination of the meaning of Kazakhstani civic identity in the context of a nationalizing state, both as hegemonic discourse and as part of an interactive renegotiation of public discourses that allow for the remaking of ethno-national identities situated within a patriotic state-scale discursive field.
Finally, this study relies on more than secondary source materials and content analysis of official documents, speeches and laws, in that Diener has tested his ideas about the reterritorialization and rescaling of diasporic identities through the use of his own surveys and in-depth interviews among Koreans and Germans in Kazakhstan. This enriches the study enormously, and provides the reader with a much more nuanced understanding of the interactive ways in which identity and sense of place are reterritorialized and rescaled in the contemporary Former Soviet Union. Robert J. Kaiser University of Wisconsin-Madison
目次
- Preface
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- 1. Territorialization, Transnationalism, and Diaspora Politics
- 2. Ethno-Political Situation in Kazakhstan
- 3. Historical Sketches
- 4. Data Analysis
- 5. Conclusion
- Bibliography, Appendix, Index, Figures, Tables
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