Critical thinking and communication : the use of reason in argument
著者
書誌事項
Critical thinking and communication : the use of reason in argument
Pearson/Allyn & Bacon, c2006
5th ed.
- : pbk.
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注記
Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Relating common theoretical models to true-to-life examples from law, ethics, education, and business, Inch and Warnick stress the importance of argumentation in everyday life as they build reader competence and critical awareness. Critical Thinking and Communication encourages readers to develop skills in both constructing and refuting arguments. Through exercises and examples, readers learn how to create individual arguments, extend argument cases, and understand how arguments are designed and how to interpret them. The text allow readers to conceptualize argumentation in the larger framework of verbal and written interaction, from public speaking and debating to interpersonal, intercultural, and small group communication.
目次
Preface.
I. BUILDING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK.
1. Arguments and Argumentation, and Critical Thought.
The Process of Critical Thought.
Argumentation and Arguments.
Argument Contexts.
2. How Arguments Work: Developing a Co-Orientation.
Perspectives on Argument.
Arguer-Based Approaches.
Co-Orientational Approach.
3. Argument Analysis and Criticism.
Benefits of Argument Analysis.
An Approach for Analysis.
Understanding Fallacies.
Types of Fallacies.
II. PARSING ARGUMENTS.
4. Argument Claims and Propositions.
The Nature of Claims and Propositions.
Formulating a Proposition.
Classification of Claims.
5. Evidence: The Foundation for Arguments.
The Nature of Evidence.
Types of Evidence.
Evaluating Fact and Opinion Evidence.
Evaluating Statistical Evidence.
Presenting Evidence.
Research Strategies for Locating Evidence.
6. Reasoning.
Formal Logic and Practical Reasoning.
Reasoning as Inference Making.
III. ARGUING EXTENDED CASES.
7. Arguing about Facts and Case Construction.
Arguing about Facts, Values, and Policies.
Relating Facts, Values and Policies.
Issue Mapping.
Principles of Case Construction.
Stock Issues in Fact-Based Cases.
Principles of Refutation.
The Issues Brief.
8. Arguing about Values.
Values and Value Systems.
The Process of Value Change.
Values and Argumentation.
Stock Issues for Value Arguments.
The Issues Brief.
9. Arguing about Policies.
Policy Arguments and Policy Systems.
Stock Issues in Policy Arguments.
Issues Brief.
Alternative Formats for Arguing Policies.
Alternative Formats for Refuting Policy Arguments.
IV. COMMUNICATING ARGUMENTS.
10. Culture and Language.
Culture and Argumentation.
Language and Argumentation.
11. Arguers, Recipients, and Ethics.
The Nature of Argument Recipients.
The Audience and Argumentation.
The Arguer and Argumentation.
Ethics and Argumentation.
Developing an Ethical Code.
Appendix A: Intercollegiate Debate.
Appendix B: Answers to Selected Exercises.
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