Redress for historical injustices in the United States : on reparations for slavery, Jim Crow, and their legacies

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Redress for historical injustices in the United States : on reparations for slavery, Jim Crow, and their legacies

edited by Michael T. Martin and Marilyn Yaquinto

Duke University Press, 2007

  • : cloth
  • : [pbk.]

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Includes bibliographical references (p. [673]-681) and index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

An exceptional resource, this comprehensive reader brings together primary and secondary documents related to efforts to redress historical wrongs against African Americans. These varied efforts are often grouped together under the rubric "reparations movement," and they are united in their goal of "repairing" the injustices that have followed from the long history of slavery and Jim Crow. Yet, as this collection reveals, there is a broad range of opinions as to the form that repair might take. Some advocates of redress call for apologies; others for official acknowledgment of wrongdoing; and still others for more tangible reparations: monetary compensation, government investment in disenfranchised communities, the restitution of lost property and rights, and repatriation.Written by activists and scholars of law, political science, African American studies, philosophy, economics, and history, the twenty-six essays include both previously published articles and pieces written specifically for this volume. Essays theorize the historical and legal bases of claims for redress; examine the history, strengths, and limitations of the reparations movement; and explore its relation to human rights and social justice movements in the United States and abroad. Other essays evaluate the movement's primary strategies: legislation, litigation, and mobilization. While all of the contributors support the campaign for redress in one way or another, some of them engage with arguments against reparations. Among the fifty-three primary documents included in the volume are federal, state, and municipal acts and resolutions; declarations and statements from organizations including the Black Panther Party and the NAACP; legal briefs and opinions; and findings and directives related to the provision of redress, from the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 to the mandate for the Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States is a thorough assessment of the past, present, and future of the modern reparations movement. Contributors. Richard F. America, Sam Anderson, Martha Biondi, Boris L. Bittker, James Bolner, Roy L. Brooks, Michael K. Brown, Robert S. Browne, Martin Carnoy, Chiquita Collins, J. Angelo Corlett, Elliott Currie, William A. Darity, Jr., Adrienne Davis, Michael C. Dawson, Troy Duster, Dania Frank, Robert Fullinwider, Charles P. Henry, Gerald C. Horne, Robert Johnson, Jr., Robin D. G. Kelley, Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie, Theodore Kornweibel, Jr., David Lyons, Michael T. Martin, Douglas S. Massey , Muntu Matsimela , C. J. Munford, Yusuf Nuruddin, Charles J. Ogletree Jr., Melvin L. Oliver, David B. Oppenheimer, Rovana Popoff, Thomas M. Shapiro, Marjorie M. Shultz, Alan Singer, David Wellman, David R. Williams, Eric K. Yamamoto, Marilyn Yaquinto

Table of Contents

Preface xiii Acknowledgments xix On Redress for Racial Injustice / Michael T. Martin and Marilyn Yaquinto 1 Part 1. Racial Inequality and White Privilege Racial Injustices in U.S. History and Their Legacy / David Lyons 33 Race Preferences and Race Privileges / Michael K. Brown, Martin Carnoy, Elliott Currie, Troy Duster, David B. Oppenheimer, Marjorie M. Shultz, and David Wellman 55 A Sociology of Wealth and Racial Inequality / Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro 91 Part 2. Law, Citizenship, and the State The Case for Reparations / Robert Fullinwider 121 Toward a Theory of Racial Reparations / James Bolner 134 The Constitutionality of Black Reparations / Boris L. Bittker and Roy L. Brooks 143 The Theory of Restitution: The African American Case / Richard America 160 Reparations to African Americans? / J. Angelo Corlett 170 Part 3. Reparations: Formation and Modes of Redress "A Day of Reckoning": Dreams of Reparations / Robin D. G. Kelley 203 Forty Acres, or, An Act of Bad Faith / Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie 222 The Economic Basis for Reparations to Black America / Robert S. Browne 238 The Political Economy of Ending Racism and the World Conference against Racism: The Economics of Reparations / William Darity Jr. and Dania Frank 249 The Rise of the Reparations Movement / Martha Biondi 255 Part 4. Case Studies of Injustice and Intervention Nineteenth-Century New York City's Complicity with Slavery: Documenting the Case for Reparations / Alan Singer 275 Railroads, Race, and Reparations / Theodore Kornweibel Jr. 294 Reparations: A Viable Strategy to Address the Enigma of African American Health / David R. Williams and Chiquita Collins 305 Residential Segregation and Persistent Urban Poverty / Douglas S. Massey 331 Part 5. Mobilizing Strategies The Politics of Racial Reparations / Charles P. Henry 353 The Case for U.S. Reparations to African Americans / Adrienne D. Davis 371 The Promises and Pitfalls of Reparations / Yusuf Nuruddin 379 Reparation as Reparations for Slavery and Jim Crow / Robert Johnson Jr. 402 What's Next? Japanese American Redress and African American Reparations / Eric K. Yamamoto 411 The Reparations Movement: An Assessment of Recent and Current Activism / Sam Anderson, Muntu Matsimela, and Yusuf Nuruddin 427 Reparations: Strategic Considerations for Black Americans / C. J. Munford 447 Tulsa Reparations: The Survivors' Story / Charles J. Ogletree Jr. 452 Race for Power: The Global Balance of Power and Reparations / Gerald Horne 469 Documents Section 1. Federal Acts and Resolutions 485 Section 2. State Legislation 518 Section 3. Municipal Resolutions 536 Section 4. Advocacy and Activism 559 Section 5. Case Studies of Redress 637 Section 6. Lawsuits 660 Selected Bibliography 673 Contributors 683 Acknowledgment of Copyrights 687 Index 691

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