Effective group discussion : theory and practice

著者

書誌事項

Effective group discussion : theory and practice

Gloria J. Galanes, Katherine Adams

McGraw-Hill, c2007

12th ed

  • : softcover

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注記

Includes bibliographical references and indexes

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Combining the most recent research findings with practical tools students need to become productive group members, this leading text covers secondary groups of all kinds: work groups, committees, task forces, self-directed work teams, and other small groups whose objectives include finding solutions to problems, producing goods, and creating policies. In this edition, the authors have expanded coverage of computer-mediated communication and updated relevant information about diversity and culture in chapter 5 and throughout the text.

目次

Brief Table of ContentsPart I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyone's Life Chapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small GroupsChapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group CommunicationChapter 4. The Small Group as a SystemPart II: Developing the GroupChapter 5. Diversity and the Effects of CultureChapter 6. The Members and their RolesPart III: Observing and Evaluating GroupsChapter 7. Tools for Assessment and Evaluation Part IV: Small Group Throughput ProcessesChapter 8. Communication and Group Culture: Tensions, Fantasy, Socialization, Norms, and ClimateChapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small GroupsInternal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small GroupPart V: Improving Group Outputs Chapter 10. Problem Solving and Decision Making 1: Defining a Problem, Finding and Evaluating OptionsChapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and ImplementingChapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group Chapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group LeadersAppendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Group's Output GlossaryAuthor IndexSubject IndexDetailed Table of ContentsPart I: Foundations of Communicating in Groups Chapter 1. The Small Groups in Everyone's LifeCentral MessageStudy ObjectivesWhat Is Small Group Discussion?Types of Small GroupsActivity GroupsPersonal Growth GroupsEducational GroupsProblem-Solving GroupsEthical Behavior of Group MembersThe Participant-Observer PerspectiveChapter 2. Human Communication Processes in Small GroupsCentral MessageStudy ObjectivesWhat is Communication?Principles of CommunicationMyths about CommunicationA Description of a Communication TransactionComputer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Communication in Small GroupsListening and Responding during DiscussionsListening PreferencesPitfalls to Listening EffectivelyEffective Listening in the Small GroupChapter 3. Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in Small Group CommunicationCentral MessageStudy ObjectivesThe Nature of LanguageLanguage and CultureLanguage, Culture, and GenderProblems Resulting from Language ChoicesNonverbal Behaviors in Small Group CommunicationPrinciples of Nonverbal CommunicationFunctions of Nonverbal CommunicationTypes of Nonverbal SignalsChapter 4. The Small Group as a SystemCentral MessageStudy ObjectivesThe Systems PerspectivePrinciples of a SystemVariables of a SystemA System and its EnvironmentCommunicating across BoundariesCharacteristics of Effectiveness Problem-Solving GroupsInput VariablesThroughput VariablesOutput VariablesEnvironmental Factors Part II: Developing the GroupChapter 5. Diversity and the Effects of CultureCentral MessageStudy ObjectivesWhat is Culture?Cultural Characteristics that Affect CommunicationWorldviewIndividualism versus CollectivismPower DistanceUncertainty AvoidanceMasculinity versus FemininityLow-versus High-Context CommunicationCommunication Challenges Posed by Co-CulturesCo-Cultural Differences Based on Race: African American Communication PatternsCo-Cultural Differences Based on AgeCo-Cultural Differences Based on Socioeconomic ClassChallenges for Co-Cultural Group MembersBehaving Ethically in Intercultural InteractionsChapter 6. The Members and their RolesCentral MessageStudy ObjectivesGroup SizeTraits and Personality CharacteristicsCommunication ApprehensionCognitive ComplexitySelf-MonitoringPreference for Procedural OrderEgalitarianism-AuthoritarianismCommunicative Attitudes and BehaviorsGrouphateSense of Responsibility for the Group's SuccessWillingness to CommunicateOpen-mindednessDevelopment of Member RolesFormal versus Informal RolesRole EmergenceClassifying Group RolesRole Management across Groups Part III: Observing and Evaluating GroupsChapter 7. Tools for Observing and Evaluating Small GroupsCentral MessageStudy ObjectivesInternal Assessment: Members Evaluate the GroupSelf-AssessmentMember and Group AssessmentCalling for Outside Help: The ConsultantPractice FirstEthical Principles for ConsultantsPlanning the ConsultationInstruments for Observing and ConsultingVerbal Interaction AnalysisContent AnalysisSYMLOG Part IV: Small Group Throughput ProcessesChapter 8. Communication and Group Culture: Tensions, Fantasy, Socialization, Norms, and ClimateCentral MessageStudy ObjectivesThe Interplay between Communication and Group CultureStructuration Theory and Group CultureNegotiating Task and Social ConcernsFantasy ThemesGroups Socialization of MembersPhases of Group SocializationDevelopment of Group NormsChanging a NormDevelopment of a Group's ClimateCohesivenessSupportivenessTeambuildingChapter 9. Perspectives on Leadership in Small GroupsCentral MessageStudy ObjectivesLeadership and LeadersLeadershipLeadersTheoretical Approaches to LeadershipTraits ApproachesStyles ApproachesFunctions ApproachesContingency ApproachesThe Relationship Between Leaders and FollowersLeader-Member Exchange (LMX) ModelTransformational LeadershipThe Case for Distributed LeadershipInternal Appendix: Preparing for Problem-Solving Discussions: Informational Resources for the Small GroupReview and Organize Your Present Stock of InformationProblem MappingGather Information You NeedNotetakingReading Direct ObservationSurveysIndividual and Group InterviewsOther Information SourcesEvaluate the Information and Ideas You Have CollectedOrganize Your Information and Ideas Part V: Improving Group OutputsChapter 10. Problem Solving and Decision Making 1: Defining a Problem, Finding and Evaluating OptionsCentral MessageStudy ObjectivesQuestions for ReviewProblem Solving and Decision MakingGroup versus Individual Problem Solving and Decision MakingFactors Affecting Quality of Group OutputsThe Need for Structure in Group Problem Solving and Decision MakingThe Functional Perspective of Group Problem Solving and Decision MakingProblem-Solving GuidelinesThe Procedural Model of Problem Solving (P-MOPS)The Single Question FormatThe Ideal Solution FormatUsing P-MOPS to Address Complex ProblemsStep 1 of P-MOPS: Problem Description and Analysis1A: Understanding the charge and area of freedom1B: Understanding the type of question to be addressedIC: Focusing on the problemID: Stating the problem appropriatelyIE: Map the problemUsing the Problem Census to discover problemsStep 2 of P-MOPS: Generating and Elaborating on Possible Solutions2A: Identify as may good ideas as you can using Brainstorming to discover alternatives2B: Defer judgment during discussion to identify options2C: Discuss criteria for evaluating solutionsStep 3 of P-MOPS: Evaluating Possible Solutions3A: Establish a collaborative climate for evaluation3B: Establish norms that promote critical thinkingEvaluating informationEvaluating reasoningEvaluating information and reasoning from the World Wide WebChapter 11. Problem Solving and Decision Making II: Deciding and ImplementingCentral MessageStudy ObjectivesUsing P-MOPS to Address Complex Problems, continuedStep 4 of P-MOPS: Consensus Decision Making4A: Decide what decision-making method to use4B: Understand phasic progression during decision makingFisher's Models of Group Phases4C: Understand what can go wrong during decision making4D: Second-guess the tentative choice before fully committing to itUsing the RISK technique to second-guess the choiceStep 5 of P-MOPS: Implementing the Solution ChosenUsing PERT to keep track of implementation detailsTailoring P-MOPS to Fit a Specific ProblemProblem CharacteristicsUsing Technology to Improve Group Problem Solving and Decision MakingTeleconferencesGroup Support Systems (or Group Decision Support Systems)Chapter 12. Managing Conflict in the Small Group Central MessageStudy ObjectivesA Definition of ConflictPositive and Negative Outcomes of ConflictExpressing Disagreement in a GroupTypes of ConflictManaging ConflictBasic Approaches toward Conflict ManagementConflict Management Styles and TacticsExpressing Disagreement EthicallyNegotiating Principled AgreementWhen Negotiating Fails: Alternatives ProceduresCommon Ground ApproachesChapter 13. Guidelines for Effective Group LeadersCentral MessageStudy ObjectivesGroup-Centered Democratic LeadershipLeader as CompleterResponsibilities and Techniques of Discussion Leaders and ChairsAdministrative DutiesLeading DiscussionDeveloping the GroupEthical Principles for Group LeadersAppendix A: Making Public Presentations of the Group's OutputThe Planning StageThe Organizing StageThe Presenting StagePublic MeetingsNotes GlossaryAuthor IndexSubject Index

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