Barriers to democracy : the other side of social capital in Palestine and the Arab world

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書誌事項

Barriers to democracy : the other side of social capital in Palestine and the Arab world

Amaney A. Jamal

Princeton University Press, c2007

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. [153]-164) and index

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内容説明・目次

内容説明

Democracy-building efforts from the early 1990s on have funneled billions of dollars into nongovernmental organizations across the developing world, with the U.S. administration of George W. Bush leading the charge since 2001. But are many such "civil society" initiatives fatally flawed? Focusing on the Palestinian West Bank and the Arab world, Barriers to Democracy mounts a powerful challenge to the core tenet of civil society initiatives: namely, that public participation in private associations necessarily yields the sort of civic engagement that, in turn, sustains effective democratic institutions. Such assertions tend to rely on evidence from states that are democratic to begin with. Here, Amaney Jamal investigates the role of civic associations in promoting democratic attitudes and behavioral patterns in contexts that are less than democratic. Jamal argues that, in state-centralized environments, associations can just as easily promote civic qualities vital to authoritarian citizenship--such as support for the regime in power. Thus, any assessment of the influence of associational life on civic life must take into account political contexts, including the relationships among associations, their leaders, and political institutions. Barriers to Democracy both builds on and critiques the multifaceted literature that has emerged since the mid-1990s on associational life and civil society. By critically examining associational life in the West Bank during the height of the Oslo Peace Process (1993-99), and extending her findings to Morocco, Egypt, and Jordan, Jamal provides vital new insights into a timely issue.

目次

List of Illustrations ix Preface xi Note to the Reader xiii Chapter One: Introduction: Democratic Outcomes and Associational Life 1 Associations in Western Democratic Contexts 3 Associational Life in Palestine 10 The Associational Puzzle 13 Clientelism and Patronage 14 Chapter Two: Associational Life in the Centralized Authoritarian Context of the West Bank 21 The Failure of Oslo, PNA Corruption, and Democracy 22 Political Contextual Difference and Associational Life 25 The Polarization of Associational Life in the West Bank: Historical Overview 26 Palestinian Political and Civil Life under Occupation 31 Associational Life Post-Oslo 36 Corruption, Patronage, Clientelism, and the PNA 41 The PNA and the PLC 43 Rule of Law, the Judiciary, and the PNA 45 Associational Life and PNA Corruption 47 Conclusion 49 Chapter Three: The Polarization of Palestinian Associational Life 50 The Palestinian Associational Terrain 51 Factionalism 58 The Peace Process with Israel and the Realities Associated with Oslo 61 Donor Monies 66 Conclusion 74 Chapter Four: Trust, Engagement, and Democracy 77 The Polarization of Palestinian Civil Society 79 Association Membership and Support for the PNA 83 Examining Interpersonal Trust and Civic Engagement 85 The Associational Landscape 89 A Note on Self-selection and Causality 93 Conclusion 94 Chapter Five: Beyond Palestine: Morocco, Jordan, and Egypt 96 Trust and Associational Life in Morocco 98 Consolidating the Moroccan Monarchy: A Historical Overview 101 Solidifying Authoritarianism or Political Liberalization 104 Historical Patterns: The Evolution of Associational Life 107 Associations and the Regime 109 Political Parties and the Moroccan Regime 111 The Media 113 Civic Attitudes and Associational Realities in Morocco 115 Beyond Palestine and Morocco: Jordan and Egypt 115 Associational Life in Jordan and Egypt 119 Civil Society and Polarization 121 Conclusion 125 Chapter Six: Conclusion:Toward a Theory of Democratic Citizenship in State-Centralized Nations 127 Interpersonal Trust and Associational Realities in the West Bank 127 Civic Engagement, Support for Democratic Institutions, and Associational Realities in the West Bank 131 Civic Engagement and Interpersonal Trust among Association Members 133 The Art of Association 135 A Note about Democratization 137 Appendixes 139 Appendix A: Survey Questions and Coding of Association Members 141 Appendix B: Survey Questions and Coding of General Palestinian Population 147 Appendix C: Survey Questions and Coding of General Moroccan Population (World Values Survey Questions) 150 Bibliography 153 Index 165

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