Latin America and its people
著者
書誌事項
Latin America and its people
Pearson Longman, c2005
single vol. ed
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. 469-470) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Offering a balance of social, political, environmental and cultural history, this exciting new textbook looks at the whole of Latin America in a thematic rather than country-by-country approach, while emphasizing the story of the diverse people of Latin America, their everyday lives, and the issues and forces that affect them.
Written by two of the leading scholars in the field, Cheryl Martin and Mark Wasserman, Latin America and Its People presents a fresh interpretative survey of Latin American history from pre-Columbian times to the beginning of the Twenty-First Century where the lives of Latin Americans are given center stage. It examines the many institutions that Latin Americans have built and rebuilt families-governments from the village level to the nation-state, churches, political parties, labor unions, schools, and armies, and it does so through the lives of the people who forged these institutions and tried to alter them to meet the changing circumstances.
目次
- 1. The First Peoples of the Americas. The First Americans. Coming to America. Subsistence Strategies and the Development of Agriculture. Sedentary Communities and Ceremonial Centers. Ceremonial Centers in Mexico and Peru. The Olmec: "Mother Culture" of Mexico? Chavin de Huantar in Peru. The Cities of Classic Mesoamerica. Monte Alban. Teotihuacan. Maya Civilization in the Classic Era. Peru after Chavin. The Moche. The Nazca. Tiwanaku. The Wari Empire. Mesoamerica and Peru, 900-1400 CE. The Toltecs. The Mixtecs of Oaxaca. The Postclassic Maya. Peru after Tiwanaku and Wari. The World of Early Americans. People and Their Environment. Early Americans and Their Beliefs. Communities, States, and War. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: Pacal the Great, King of Palenque, 603-683 CE. Slice of Life: The Craft Workers of Chan Chan, 1400 CE. How Historians Understand: Archaeology, Literacy, & the Study of History. 2. Americans and Iberians on the Eve of Contact. Mesoamerica in the Fifteenth Century. The Rise of the Mexica. Mexica Statecraft. Mexica Religion. Everyday Life in the Time of the Mexica. Mesoamerica on the Eve of the Spanish Invasion. The Andes in the Fifteenth Century. The Rise of the Incas. Inca Statecraft. Andean Religion in the Time of the Incas. Everyday Life in the Time of the Incas. The Aztecs and Incas Compared. The Diversity of American Peoples. The Tainos and Caribs. The Tupi of Coastal Brazil. The "Pueblo" Peoples of New Mexico. The Spanish and the Portuguese. Centuries of Conquest. Medieval Iberia and the Reconquista. Iberian Monarchies in the Fifteenth Century. The Breakdown of Iberian "Convivencia." Iberian Society in the Fifteenth Century. Iberia and the Beginnings of Overseas Expansion. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: Tanta Carhua, Bride of the Sun. Slice of Life: The Marketplace at Tlatelolco. How Historians Understand: Counting People in Past Societies. 3. The European Conquest of America. The Europeans Arrive. Columbus and the First Encounters. The Caribbean Colonies. The Portuguese in Brazil. The Spanish in Mesoamerica and the Andes. Cores and the Aztecs. The Search of "Otro Mexico." The Pizarros and the Incas. Military Conquest or Strategic Alliance? Building a Colonial Society. The Ecological Conquest. Conquistadors, Encomenderos, and Native Peoples. A Multi-Racial Society in Formation. The "Spiritual Conquest" of Latin America. Early Evangelization. The Impact of Evangelization. Resistance to Christianity. The Consolidation of Colonial Empires. The Viceroyalties of New Spain and Peru. The Spanish Colonial Bureaucracy. Royal Government in Brazil. The Church in Spanish America and Brazil. The Spanish and Portuguese Empires. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: Bartolome de las Casas, 1474-1566. Slice of Life: The Cuzco Cabildo Founds a Convent, 1551. How Historians Understand: Malinche and the Uses of Historical Memory. 4. The Iberians New World. The Lure of Precious Metals. The Silver Boom. Labor and Technology in Silver Mining. Recruiting a Labor Supply. Gold Mining in Brazil. Agriculture. Sugar Plantations and African Slavery. Haciendas and Ranches. Landownership. Landed Elites. Rural Society. Trade and Transportation. International Commerce. Overland Transport. Merchants. Mercantile Restrictions. Cities and Towns in the Iberians New World. Capital Cities. Provincial Capitals and Other Towns. Urban Amenities. Urban Working Class. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: Antonio Lopez de Quiroga, Bolivian Entrepreneur. Slice of Life: The Safra in Colonial Brazil. How Historians Understand: Documenting Colonial Enterprise. 5. The Amerindians Changing World. Native Communities in Mesoamerica and the Andes. Shifting Populations in the Republica de Indios. Local Government in the Republica de Indios. Subsistence and Survival in the Republica de Indios. Native Communities in the Cash Economy. Families and Households in the Republica de Indios. Religion and Community Life in the Republica de Indios. Natives as Catholics. Belief and Practice in the Republica de Indios. Religion and Community Identity. Mission Indians. Jesuit and Franciscan Missions. Native Peoples in the Jesuit and Franciscan Missions. Mission Indians and Colonial Society. Native Peoples and the Colonial Order. Indians in the Republica de Espanoles. "Indios Barbaros." Regional Revolts. Native Historical Memory and the Colonial Order. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala. Slice of Life: The Founding of San Esteban de la Nueva Tlaxcala, 1591. How Historians Understand: Measuring Acculturation Using Indigenous Language Sources. 6. A New People and Their World. The Making of Multi-Ethnic Societies. Spanish and Portuguese Immigrants. Creoles. Mestizos and Mamelucos. African Slaves. Slave Resistance. Free Blacks and Mulatos. Race and Class in Colonial Latin America. Social and Cultural Definitions of Race. Class and Ethnicity. Honor, Gender, and Patriarchy. Honor and the Patriarchal Family. Marriage and the Family. Honor and Sexuality. Honor and Homosexuality. The Limits of Patriarchy. Convents: "Islands of Women." Convents and Colonial Society. Conformity and Defiance in Colonial Society. The Social Etiquette of Everyday Life. The Administration of Justice. The Inquisition and Deviant Behavior. Rituals of Rule. Scatological Songs and Dances of Defiance. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: Juana de Cobos, Baker in Chihuahua. Slice of Life: Corpus Christi in Cuzco. How Historians Understand: Parish Registers and the Study of Colonial Society. 7. The Shifting Fortunes of Colonial Empires. The Spanish and Portuguese Empires in Eighteenth-Century Politics. Great Britain and Latin America. The Seven Years War. The American Revolution and Latin America. The French Revolution and Latin America. The Haitian Revolution. The "Bourbon Reforms." Defending the Spanish Empire. Administrative Restructuring and New Viceroyalties. The Power of the Church. Economic Development. Latin American Peoples in the Age of Revolution. Social Change in the Late Colonial Period. The Changing Face of Colonial Cities. The Enlightenment in Latin America. Resistance and Rebellion in the Late Colonial Period. Developing Creole Consciousness. Resistance to the Bourbon Reforms. Revolts and Conspiracies in Brazil. The Great Rebellion in Peru. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: Jose Gabriel de Condorcanqui, Tupac Amaru II. Slice of Life: The Royal Tobacco Factory in Mexico City. How Historians Understand: Revisionism and the Debate over Comparative Slavery. 8. The New Nations of Latin America. Latin America on the Eve of Independence. The Roots of Popular Unrest. Social and Economic Changes in Mexico: The Bajio. Latin America and the Crisis on 1808. Representative Government in Spain and America, 1808-1814. The "American Question." Popular Grievances and Turmoil in Spanish America. Regional Rivalries in the Struggle for Spanish American Independence. The Independence of Latin America. Spanish American Independence. The Portuguese Monarchy in Brazil. The Independence of Brazil. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: Simon Bolivar and Manuela Saenz. Slice of Life: The Sixteenth of September: Independence Day. How Historians Understand: Were the Wars of Independence the Turning Point? 9 . Regionalism, War, and Reconstruction: Politics and Economy, 1821-1880. Dilemmas of Nationhood. Who Governs and What Form of Government? Federalism/Centralism and Liberalism/Conservatism. The Challenge of Regionalism. Argentina , Mexico , Colombia , and Central America . Brazil and Chile . A Century of War. Wars of Political Consolidation. Intra-regional Wars. Foreign Wars. Civil Wars. The Impact of War. Popular Participation. Caudillos. The Challenge of Economic Recovery. Obstacles to Development. Export Economies. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: Dr. Francia. Slice of Life: The Parian Riot , Mexico City 1828. How Historians Understand: Benito Juarez: The Making of a Myth. Learning More about Latin Americans. 10. Everyday Life in an Uncertain Age, 1821-1880. The People. The Large Estates: Haciendas, Estancias, Plantations, Fazendas. Work Life. Domestic Life. Slavery. Villages and Small holders. Religion. Urban Life and Societal Transformations. The Cities. Food, Clothes, Shelter, and Entertainment. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: The Gaucho. Slice of Life: Urban Slaves. How Historians Understand: The Construction of Racism. Learning More about Latin Americans. 11. Economic Modernization, Society, and Politics, 1880-1920. Economic Modernization. Exports. The Downside of Export-led Economic Modernization. Railroads. Modernization and Social Change. Population Increase. New Classes, New Voices. Rural Discontent. Mass Movements of People. Politics in the Age of Modernization. Modernization of the Military. The Rule of the Ranchers and Planters: Argentina and Brazil . Democracy in Chile . The Aristocratic Republic: Peru . Dictatorship: Mexico . Modernization and Resistance. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: Jose Guadalupe Posada (1852-1913), Artist of Mexico . Slice of Life: A Chilean Mining Camp. How Historians Understand: Why Do People Rebel? Learning More about Latin Americans. 12. Between Revolutions: The New Politics of Class and the Economics of Import Substitution, 1920-1959. Timeline. Three Crises and the Beginnings of Intensified Government Involvement in the Economy, 1920-1945. The Aftermath of World War I. The Great Depression. World War II. Peacetime Economies. Dictators and Populists. The 1920s. The Depression and War. Peacetime Politics. The Failure of Left and Right. Women's Suffrage. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: Elvia and Felipe Carrillo Puerto. Slice of Life: Colombian Coffee Farm 1925. How Historians Understand: Reconstructing the Semana Tragica (Tragic Week). In Argentine History. Learning More about Latin Americans. 13. People and Progress, 1910-1959. Socialization in the Factory and the Mine. Proletarianization and Patriarchy. A Miner's Day at El Teniente. Urbanization and Social Change. Cities. Life on the Edge: The Middle Class. La chica moderna. Popular and High Culture. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: Frida Kahlo. Slice of Life: Village Life in Peru . How Historians Understand: The Voice of the Lower Classes. Learning More about Latin Americans. 14. Revolution, Reaction, Democracy, and the New Global Economy, 1959 to the Present. Timeline. The Revolutions: Cuba , Nicaragua , El Salvador , Guatemala , Peru and Colombia . Cuba . Nicaragua . El Salvador . Guatemala . Peru . Colombia . The Tyrannies: Brazil , Argentina , and Chile . Brazil . Argentina . Chile . The Exception
- Mexico . The Struggle for the Control of Everyday Life. The New Global Economy. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: An Argentine Military Officer. Slice of Life: On the Streets of Sao Paulo . How Historians Understand: Theories of Economic Development and History. Learning More about Latin Americans. 15. Everyday Life, 1959 to the Present. The Reign of Terror. The Quality of Life. What Does It Mean To Be Poor? Informal Economy. Privatizing Social Security. The Cities. To Be Poor in the Cities. An Urban Migrant's Story. Environment. The Globalization of Culture. Art. Conclusion. Latin American Lives: Revolutionary Women. Slice of Life: The Barrio/Favela. How Historians Understand: From the Countryside to the City. Learning More about Latin Americans. Glossary.
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